WordNet

reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion; "positive increase in graduating students"
a film showing a photographic image whose tones correspond to those of the original subject
the primary form of an adjective or adverb; denotes a quality without qualification, comparison, or relation to increase or diminution (同)positive degree
indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen; "a positive pregnancy test" (同)confirming
having a positive charge; "protons are positive" (同)electropositive, positively charged
formally laid down or imposed; "positive laws" (同)prescribed
characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.; "a positive attitude"; "the reviews were all positive"; "a positive benefit"; "a positive demand"
greater than zero; "positive numbers"
the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally; sometimes used in combination; "the boy was disappointed to find only skeletons instead of living breathing dinosaurs"; "the heavy-breathing person on the telephone" (同)eupneic, eupnoeic
the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation (同)external_respiration, respiration, ventilation
stopping and starting at irregular intervals; "intermittent rain showers"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『肯定した,同意の』 / 『実際的な,』積極的な,建設的な / 《補語にのみ用いて》『確信のある』,自信のある / (事が)疑問の余地がない,明確な;(言葉が)はっきりした / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》《話》全くの,文字どおりの / (生体の反応が)陽性の / (数が)正の,プラスの;(気電が)陽の;(写真で)陽画の / (形容詞・副詞の比較変化で)原級の / 明確(明白)なもの / (形容詞・副詞の)原級 / (写真の)陽画,ポジ / (数学で)正数
〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)
〈U〉呼吸;一息 / 〈C〉一呼吸の間,瞬時 / 〈C〉休息,休止
断続する,間欠的な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/01 20:25:52」(JST)

wiki en

Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) is a respiratory therapy treatment for people who are hypoventilating. While not a preferred method due to cost,^[1] IPPB is used to expand the lungs, deliver aerosol medications, and in some circumstances ventilate the patient.^[2]

Indications

IPPB may be indicated for patients who are at risk for developing atelectasis and who are unable or unwilling to breathe deeply without assistance.^[3] In patients with severe lung hyperinflation, IPPB may decrease dyspnea and discomfort during nebulized therapy.^[4]

Contraindications

Most contraindications are relative, such as nausea, hemodynamic instability,^[5] tracheal fistula, singulation and hemoptysis.^[6] Untreated tension pneumothorax is an absolute contraindication.^[7]

References

^ Thomas JA, McIntosh JM (1994). "Are incentive spirometry, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and deep breathing exercises effective in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery? A systematic overview and meta-analysis". Phys Ther 74 (1): 3–16.
^ Handelsman H (1991). "Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) therapy". Health Technology Assessment Reports (1): 1–9. PMID 1810351.
^ Shelledy DC, Mikles SP (2001). "Patient assessment and respiratory care plan development.". In Mishoe SC, Welch MA Jr. Critical thinking in respiratory care. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-134474-6.
^ Janssens JP, de Muralt B, Titelion V (2000). "Management of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". J Pain Sympt Manage 19 (5): 378–92. doi:10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00129-9.
^ Schilling JP, Kasik JE (1980). "Intermittent positive pressure breathing: a continuing controversy". J Iowa Med Soc 70 (3): 99–100, 102–103.
^ Shapiro BA, Peterson J, Carne RD (1982). "Complications of mechanical aids to intermittent lung inflation". Respir Care 27 (4): 467–70.
^ Scanlan CL, Wilkins RL, Stoller JK (1999). Egan’s fundamentals of respiratory care (7th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 777–782.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 術後肺合併症を減少させるための戦略 strategies to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications
2. 神経筋疾患による呼吸筋の筋力低下：管理 respiratory muscle weakness due to neuromuscular disease management
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）の増悪のマネージメント management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4. 慢性期脊髄損傷の呼吸器合併症 respiratory complications of chronic spinal cord injury
5. 緩和ケア：咳嗽、上気道性喘鳴、および喀血の概要 palliative care overview of cough stridor and hemoptysis

English Journal

Aerosol delivery device selection for spontaneously breathing patients: 2012.

Ari A, Restrepo RD.SourceDivision of Respiratory Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Respiratory care.Respir Care.2012 Apr;57(4):613-26.
Using an electronic literature search for published articles indexed in PubMed between January 1990 and August 2011, the update of this clinical practice guideline is the result of reviewing 84 clinical trials, 54 reviews, 25 in vitro studies, and 7 evidence-based guidelines. The recommendations be
PMID 22472501

An Overview of Published Research about the Acute Care and Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injured and Spinal Cord Injured Patients.

Bragge P, Chau M, Pitt VJ, Bayley MT, Eng JJ, Teasell RW, Wolfe DL, Gruen RL.Source1 National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .
Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2012 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Knowledge of the breadth, nature, and volume of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) research can aid in research planning. This study aimed to provide an overview of existing TBI and SCI research to inform identification of knowledge translation (KT), systematic revi
PMID 22191665

Japanese Journal

Evaluation of Bispectral Index (BIS) as an Indicator of Central Nervous System Depression in Horses Anesthetized with Propofol

YAMASHITA Kazuto,AKASHI Natsuki,KATAYAMA Yumiko,UCHIDA Yosuke,UMAR Mohammed A.,ITAMI Takaharu,INOUE Hiroki,SAMS Richard A.,MUIR III William W.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 71(11), 1465-1471, 2009
… Five non-premedicated horses were anesthetized with 7 mg/kg, IV propofol and the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of propofol required to maintain anesthesia was determined during intermittent positive pressure ventilation in each horse. … The BIS was also recorded after the cessation of propofol infusion when the horses regained spontaneous breathing and swallowing reflex. …
NAID 130000134319

Diaphragmatic Electrical Activity during Controlled and Assisted Mechanical Ventilation in Conscious Human Subjects

KONDO Tetsuri,MIYAIRI Akira,KOBAYASHI Ichiro,SUZUKI Iunis,KANAZAWA Osamu,OHTA Yasuyo
Internal Medicine 33(11), 667-672, 1994
… Breathing during mechanical ventilation was analyzed in 8 conscious healthy volunteers by application of intermittent positive pressure ventilation through a mouthpiece. … In controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), the respiratory rate and tidal volume were fixed at 110 and 120% of the subjects corresponding spontaneous breathing parameters. …
NAID 130000770982