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a gauge boson that mediates weak interactions between particles
a straight line segment whose length is magnitude and whose orientation in space is direction
(genetics) a virus or other agent that is used to deliver DNA to a cell
any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease; "mosquitos are vectors of malaria and yellow fever"; "fleas are vectors of the plague"; "aphids are transmitters of plant diseases"; "when medical scientists talk about vectors they are usually talking about insects" (同)transmitter
a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
lying between two extremes in time or space or state; "going from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands"; "intermediate stages in a process"; "intermediate stops on the route"; "an intermediate range plane"
a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained
any particle that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle; all nuclei with an even mass number are bosons

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(数学で)ベクトル,方向量 / (ハエ・カなどの)病原媒介昆虫 / (飛行機,ミサイルなどの)脱路,軌道
(程度・距離・時間などにおいて)中間の,中間にある(起こる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/12 17:19:34」(JST)

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In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson with the spin equal to 1. The vector bosons regarded as elementary particles in the Standard Model are the gauge bosons, which are the force carriers of fundamental interactions: the photon of electromagnetism, the W and Z bosons of the weak interaction, and the gluons of the strong interaction. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark). During the 1970s and '80s, intermediate vector bosons—vector bosons of "intermediate"^{[clarification needed]} mass—drew much attention in particle physics.^{[citation needed]}

Vector bosons and the Higgs

Certain vector bosons, i.e. the Z and W particles, play a prominent role^{[citation needed]} in the recently confirmed (March 14, 2013)^[1] Higgs Boson, as shown by the attached Feynman diagram.

Feynman diagram of the fusion of two electroweak vector bosons to the scalar Higgs boson, which is a prominent process of the generation of Higgs bosons at particle accelerators.

(The symbol q means a quark particle, W and Z are the vector bosons of the electroweak interaction. H⁰ is the Higgs boson.)

Explanation

The name vector boson arises from quantum field theory. The component of such a particle's spin along any axis has the three eigenvalues −ħ, 0, and +ħ (where ħ is the reduced Planck constant), meaning that any measurement of it can only yield one of these values. (This is, at least, true for massive vector bosons; the situation is a bit different for massless particles such as the photon, for reasons beyond the scope of this article. See Wigner's classification.^[2]) The space of spin states therefore is a discrete degree of freedom consisting of three states, the same as the number of components of a vector in three-dimensional space. Quantum superpositions of these states can be taken such that they transform under rotations just like the spatial components of a rotating vector^{[citation needed]} (the so named 3 representation of SU(2)). If the vector boson is taken to be the quantum of a field, the field is a vector field, hence the name.

Notes

^ http://www.livescience.com/27888-newfound-particle-is-higgs.html
^ Weingard, Robert. "Some Comments Regarding Spin and Relativity"

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English Journal

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Hunter LR1, Ang DG1.
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We use the recently developed model of the electron spins within Earth to investigate all of the six possible long-range velocity-dependent spin-spin interactions associated with the exchange of an ultralight (mz'<10(-10) eV) or massless intermediate vector boson. Several laboratory experiments h
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Glasslike dynamical behavior of the plastocyanin hydration water.

Bizzarri AR1, Paciaroni A, Cannistraro S.
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Comprehensive analysis of data pertaining to the weak neutral current and the intermediate-vector-boson masses.

Amaldi U, Böhm A, Durkin LS, Langacker P, Mann AK, Marciano WJ, Sirlin A, Williams HH.
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