WordNet

a form of interferon that is produced by T cells and macrophages; involved in the activation of phagocytes
write by means of a keyboard with types; "type the acceptance letter, please" (同)typewrite
a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper; "he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up"
(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
all of the tokens of the same symbol; "the word `element contains five different types of character"
printed characters; "small type is hard to read"
identify as belonging to a certain type; "Such people can practically be typed" (同)typecast
the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)i
an antiviral protein produced by cells that have been invaded by a virus; inhibits replication of the virus
writing done with a typewriter (同)typewriting

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(…の)『型』,タイプ,類型,種類(kind)《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(その種類の特質を最もよく表している)『典型』,手本,模範《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《集合的に》活字;〈C〉(1個の)活字 / 〈U〉(印刷された)字体,活字 / 〈C〉(貨幣・メダルなどの)模様,図柄 / 〈C〉血液型(blood group) / …‘を'タイプに打つ / (…として)…‘を'分類する《+名+as+名(doing)》 / …‘の'型を決める / タイプライターを打つ
『私は』私が
iodineの化学記号
インターフェロン(ウイルス増殖抑制物質)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/17 21:43:43」(JST)

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The 3D structure of human IFN-γ

A sole member makes up the type II IFNs that is called IFN-γ (gamma). Mature IFN-γ is an anti-parallel homodimer, which binds to the IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) complex to elicit a signal within its target cell. IFNGR is made up of two subunits each of molecules designated IFNGR1 and IFNGR2.

Sources and functions[edit]

IFN-γ is involved in the regulation of the immune and inflammatory responses; in humans, there is only one type of interferon-gamma. It is produced in activated T-cells and natural killer cells. IFN-γ has some anti-viral and anti-tumor effects, but these are generally weak. However, this cytokine potentiates the effects of the type I IFNs. IFN-γ released by Th1 cells recruits leukocytes to a site of infection, resulting in increased inflammation. It also stimulates macrophages to kill bacteria that have been engulfed. IFN-γ released by Th1 cells is also important in regulating the Th2 response. As IFN-γ is vitally implicated in the regulation of immune response, its production can lead to autoimmune disorders.

Homologs of interferon-gamma are found in birds, frogs, and teleost fish. Thus it is likely that all bony fish/tetrapods encode IFN-γ. The gene structure of IFN-γ is identical to that of its structurally related cytokines, except that the intron between the third and fourth exons does not exist.

Notably, many teleost fish encode two distinct IFN-γ species (called IFN-γ1 and IFN-γ2) that appear to bind genetically and physically distinct IFN-γR1 chains. In all investigated tetrapods, there is a single IFN-γ gene that binds a unique IFN-γR1 chain and (in amniotes) a unique IFN-γR2 chain. Frogs appear to encode two distinct IFN-γR2 genes whose intracellular domains differ significantly.

External links[edit]

Interferon Type II at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肝疾患におけるインターフェロン療法の原則および自己免疫の誘導 principles of interferon therapy in liver disease and the induction of autoimmunity
2. 抗酸菌易感染性を示すメンデル型遺伝性疾患：特異的な遺伝子異常 mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases specific defects
3. 慢性骨髄性白血病の治療のためのインターフェロンα interferon alpha for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
4. 移植免疫 transplantation immunobiology
5. C型肝炎治療のためのインターフェロン＋リバビリン療法関連の神経精神学的副作用：認知と危険因子 neuropsychiatric side effects associated with interferon plus ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis c recognition and risk factors

English Journal

Plant polyphenols regulate chemokine expression and tissue repair in human keratinocytes through interaction with cytoplasmic and nuclear components of epidermal growth factor receptor system.

Pastore S, Lulli D, Fidanza P, Potapovich AI, Kostyuk VA, De Luca C, Mikhal'chik E, Korkina LG.Source1 Tissue Engineering & Skin Pathophysiology Laboratory, Dermatology Research Institute (IDI IRCCS) , Rome, Italy .
Antioxidants & redox signaling.Antioxid Redox Signal.2012 Feb 15;16(4):314-28. Epub 2011 Dec 1.
Abstract Aims: To evaluate mechanisms underlying modulation of inflammatory chemokines in primary human keratinocytes (normal human epidermal keratinocytes) and repair-related processes in wound models by plant polyphenols (PPs) with antioxidant and superoxide scavenging properties (verbascoside [
PMID 21967610

Imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cells in cardiac injury induced by ambient fine particles.

Zhao J, Xie Y, Qian C, Li L, Jiang R, Kan H, Chen R, Song W.SourceDepartment of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
Toxicology letters.Toxicol Lett.2012 Feb 5;208(3):225-31. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
The study was to explore the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms linking fine particles and cardiac injury. Wistar kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation to fine particles with the doses of 0.0, 1.6, 8.0 and 40.0mg/kg b.w., respectively. The exposure was conducted once a day,
PMID 22134058

Biphasic emergence of active tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving TNFα inhibitors: the utility of IFNγ assay.

Chen DY, Shen GH, Chen YM, Chen HH, Hsieh CW, Lan JL.SourceCorrespondence to Dr J L Lan, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No 160, Sec3, Taichung-Kang Road, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; jllan@vghtc.gov.tw.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases.Ann Rheum Dis.2012 Feb;71(2):231-7. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
OBJECTIVES: The risk of active tuberculosis increases in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving antitumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) therapy. Longitudinal data concerning serial interferon γ (IFNγ) assays for detecting tuberculosis have been limited. This study investigated the time cour
PMID 22021896

Japanese Journal

インターフェロンα阻害療法

花岡洋成,竹内勤
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 36(4), 181-188, 2013
… Interferon (IFN）はウイルス増殖をInterference (干渉）する物質として発見されたサイトカインである．近年自己免疫疾患，特に全身性エリテマトーデス（SLE）においてその役割が検証されてきた．その関連転写因子であるInterferon regulatory factor 5遺伝子内の一塩基多型がSLEの疾患感受性遺伝子として同定され，IFN誘導遺伝子群がSLEで特異的に高発現する事実など，IFNαがSLEの病態に関与する可能性が示さ …
NAID 130003364177

インターフェロン併用集学的治療を行ったC型急性肝炎の2例

岩下英之,釈迦堂敏,西澤新也 [他],久能志津香,松本照雄,國本英雄,四本かおる,福永篤志,櫻井邦俊,平野玄竜,上田秀一,横山圭二,森原大輔,坂本雅晴,阿南章,竹山康章,入江真,岩田郁,大田和弘,早田哲郎,井上和明,与芝真彰,向坂彰太郎
肝臓 53(2), 101-108, 2012-02-25
… 作を繰り返すため，抗てんかん薬を内服中であった．てんかん治療のため近医入院中に肝障害と意識障害を認め，当院紹介入院となった．高トランスアミナーゼ血症，プロトロンビン（PT）活性38％，肝性脳症II度，C型肝炎ウイルス（HCV）抗体低力価陽性，血清HCV RNA陽性より，HCVによる急性肝不全昏睡型と診断した．感染経路は不明であった．症例2は30歳代の男性．医師．HCV抗体陽性患者からの血液汚染事故によりC型 …
NAID 10030241024

機能性ペプチド融合によるInterferon γ時空間制御

安藤満,高橋有己,西川元也 [他],高倉喜信
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 132(12), 1399-1406, 2012
… Type II interferon (IFNγ) is a representative Th1 cytokine and it possesses a variety of functions, including immune regulation, antiviral and antitumor activity. …
NAID 130002489537