インスリン様増殖因子II、インスリン様成長因子II

関: IGF-2、IGF-II

WordNet

want to have; "Id like a beer now!"
a kind of person; "Well not see his like again"; "I cant tolerate people of his ilk" (同)ilk
a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we dont want the likes of you around here" (同)the like, the likes of
equal in amount or value; "like amounts"; "equivalent amounts"; "the same amount"; "gave one six blows and the other a like number"; "the same number" (同)same
resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; "suits of like design"; "a limited circle of like minds"; "members of the cat family have like dispositions"; "as like as two peas in a pod"; "doglike devotion"; "a dreamlike quality" (同)similar
be fond of; "I like my nephews"
feel about or towards; consider, evaluate, or regard; "How did you like the Presidents speech last night?"
find enjoyable or agreeable; "I like jogging"; "She likes to read Russian novels"
cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『好む』,‘が'好きである / 《しばしば否定文で,またwould,《英》shouldと共に用いて》…‘を'望む,…したい / 『好む』;望む / 《複数形で》好み,好きな事
(外観・性質などが)…『に似た』,のような / (やり方,程度などが)…『と同じように』 / …『らしい』,にふさわいし / 《おもに話》たとえば…のような / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(性質・外観などが)同じの,(数量が)等しい / 《補語にのみ用いて》似ている,そっくりで / たぶん,おそらく(probably) / (…に)似た人(物),(…と)同等の人(物),匹敵する人(物)《+『of』+『名』》 / …のように / あたかも…のように
『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/10 22:28:03」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin. The MeSH definition reads: "A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on somatotropin. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to Insulin-like growth factor 1, which is a major growth factor in adults".^[1]

Gene structure

In humans, the IGF2 gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5, a region which contains numerous imprinted genes. In mice this homologous region is found at distal chromosome 7. In both organisms, Igf2 is imprinted, with expression resulting favourably from the paternally inherited allele. However, in some human brain regions a loss of imprinting occurs resulting in both IGF2 and H19 being transcribed from both parental alleles.^[2]

The protein CTCF is involved in repressing expression of the gene, by binding to the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) along with Differentially-methylated Region-1 (DMR1) and Matrix Attachment Region -3 (MAR3). These three DNA sequences bind to CTCF in a way that limits downstream enhancer access to the Igf2 region. The mechanism in which CTCF binds to these regions is currently unknown, but could include either a direct DNA-CTCF interaction or it could possibly be mediated by other proteins. In mammals (mice, humans, pigs), only the allele for insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) inherited from one's father is active; that inherited from the mother is not — a phenomenon called imprinting.The mechanism: the mother's allele has an insulator between the IGF2 promoter and enhancer. So does the father's allele, but in his case, the insulator has been methylated. CTCF can no longer bind to the insulator, and so the enhancer is now free to turn on the father's IGF2 promoter.^{[citation needed]}

Function

The major role of IGF-2 is as a growth promoting hormone during gestation.

IGF-2 exerts its effects by binding to the IGF-1 receptor. IGF2 may also bind to the IGF-2 receptor (also called the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor), which acts as a signalling antagonist; that is, to prevent IGF2 responses.

In the process of folliculogenesis, IGF-2 is created by thecal cells to act in an autocrine manner on the theca cells themselves, and in a paracrine manner on granulosa cells in the ovary.^{[citation needed]} IGF2 promotes granulosa cell proliferation during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, acting alongside follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).^{[citation needed]} After ovulation has occurred, IGF-2 promotes progesterone secretion during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, together with luteinizing hormone (LH). Thus, IGF2 acts as a co-hormone together with both FSH and LH.^{[citation needed]}

A study at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that IGF-2 may be linked to memory and reproduction.^[3] A study at the European Neuroscience Institute-Goettingen (Germany) found that fear extinction-induced IGF2/IGFBP7 signalling promotes the survival of 17–19-day-old newborn hippocampal neurons. This suggests that therapeutic strategies that enhance IGF2 signalling and adult neurogenesis might be suitable to treat diseases linked to excessive fear memory such as PTSD.^[4]

Clinical relevance

It is sometimes produced in excess in islet cell tumors, causing hypoglycemia. Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome^[5] in which hypoglycemia is associated with the presence of one or more non-islet fibrous tumors in the pleural cavity. Loss of imprinting of IGF2 is a common feature in tumors seen in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. As IGF2 promotes development of fetal pancreatic beta cells, it is believed to be related to some forms of diabetes mellitus. Preeclampsia induces a decrease in methylation level at IGF2 demethylated region, and this might be among the mechanisms behind the association between intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia and high risk for metabolic diseases in the later life of the infants.^[6]

Interactions

Insulin-like growth factor 2 has been shown to interact with IGFBP3^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] and transferrin.^[7]

References

^ "Insulin-Like Growth Factor II". MeSH. NCBI.
^ Pham NV, Nguyen MT, Hu JF, Vu TH, Hoffman AR (Nov 1998). "Dissociation of IGF2 and H19 imprinting in human brain". Brain Research 810 (1-2): 1–8. PMID 9813220.
^ Chen DY, Stern SA, Garcia-Osta A, Saunier-Rebori B, Pollonini G, Bambah-Mukku D, Blitzer RD, Alberini CM (Jan 2011). "A critical role for IGF-II in memory consolidation and enhancement". Nature 469 (7331): 491–7. doi:10.1038/nature09667. PMID 21270887.
^ Agis-Balboa RC, Arcos-Diaz D, Wittnam J, Govindarajan N, Blom K, Burkhardt S, Haladyniak U, Agbemenyah HY, Zovoilis A, Salinas-Riester G, Opitz L, Sananbenesi F, Fischer A (Oct 2011). "A hippocampal insulin-growth factor 2 pathway regulates the extinction of fear memories". The EMBO Journal 30 (19): 4071–83. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.293. PMC 3209781. PMID 21873981.
^ Balduyck B, Lauwers P, Govaert K, Hendriks J, De Maeseneer M, Van Schil P (Jul 2006). "Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with associated hypoglycemia: Doege-Potter syndrome: a case report". Journal of Thoracic Oncology 1 (6): 588–90. doi:10.1097/01243894-200607000-00016. PMID 17409923.
^ He J, Zhang A, Fang M, Fang R, Ge J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Han C, Ye X, Yu D, Huang H, Liu Y, Dong M (2013). "Methylation levels at IGF2 and GNAS DMRs in infants born to preeclamptic pregnancies". BMC Genomics 14: 472. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-472. PMC 3723441. PMID 23844573.
^ ^a ^b Storch S, Kübler B, Höning S, Ackmann M, Zapf J, Blum W, Braulke T (Dec 2001). "Transferrin binds insulin-like growth factors and affects binding properties of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3". FEBS Letters 509 (3): 395–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03204-5. PMID 11749962.
^ Buckway CK, Wilson EM, Ahlsén M, Bang P, Oh Y, Rosenfeld RG (Oct 2001). "Mutation of three critical amino acids of the N-terminal domain of IGF-binding protein-3 essential for high affinity IGF binding". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 (10): 4943–50. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7936. PMID 11600567.
^ Twigg SM, Baxter RC (Mar 1998). "Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 5 forms an alternative ternary complex with IGFs and the acid-labile subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (11): 6074–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.11.6074. PMID 9497324.
^ Firth SM, Ganeshprasad U, Baxter RC (Jan 1998). "Structural determinants of ligand and cell surface binding of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (5): 2631–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.5.2631. PMID 9446566.

External links

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 非膵島細胞腫瘍性低血糖 nonislet cell tumor hypoglycemia
2. 糖尿病でない成人における低血糖症：診断的アプローチ hypoglycemia in adults without diabetes mellitus diagnostic approach
3. Physiology of insulin-like growth factor 1
4. 慢性腎疾患における成長ホルモン代謝 growth hormone metabolism in chronic kidney disease
5. 高身長や異常に急激な成長がみられる小児 the child with tall stature and or abnormally rapid growth

English Journal

Co-culture of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) preantral follicles with antral follicles: a comparative study of developmental competence of oocytes derived from in vivo developed and in vitro cultured antral follicles.

Sharma GT, Dubey PK, Nath A, Saikumar G.SourceReproductive Physiology Laboratory, Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India.
Zygote (Cambridge, England).Zygote.2013 Aug;21(3):286-94. doi: 10.1017/S0967199411000700. Epub 2012 Jan 18.
Summary The present study was undertaken to examine whether the presence of antral follicles (AFs) affects the survival, growth and steroidogenesis of preantral follicles (PFs) and compare the maturation and developmental competence of buffalo oocytes derived from in vivo developed and in vitro cult
PMID 22251772

Clinical implications of current developments in genitourinary pathology.

Zhou AG, Owens CL, Cosar EF, Jiang Z.SourceFrom the Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.Arch Pathol Lab Med.2013 Jul;137(7):887-93. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0210-RA.
Context.-Several developments in genitourinary pathology are likely to change our understanding and management of some genitourinary cancers considerably. Objective.-To review 5 stories in genitourinary pathology: (1) fusion in the ETS (E26) gene family in prostatic adenocarcinoma; (2) insulin-like
PMID 23808460

Enhanced activity of lysosomal proteases in activated rat hepatic stellate cells is associated with a concomitant increase in the number of the mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor.

Mousavi SA, Fønhus MS, Kindberg GM, Tolleshaug H, Berg T.SourceDepartment of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Cell biology international.Cell Biol Int.2013 Jul;37(7):703-12. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10085. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role during hepatic tissue repair through their influence on extracellular matrix remodelling. We have determined whether the activity levels of cathepsin B and D are affected by in vitro activation of rat HSCs, and whether the enzymes were rele
PMID 23495048

Japanese Journal

Clinicopathological features, biochemical and molecular markers in 5 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma

KOUYAMA Ryuji,HIRAISHI Kiichiro,SUGIYAMA Toru,IZUMIYAMA Hajime,YOSHIMOTO Takanobu,AKASHI Takumi,KIHARA Kazunori,HOMMA Keiko,SHIBATA Hirotaka,HIRATA Yukio
Endocrine journal 58(7), 527-534, 2011-07-01
NAID 10029589211

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura Suddenly Induced Hypoglycemia before Surgical Treatment

MAEDA Sumiko,SUGITA Makoto,SAGAWA Motoyasu,UEDA Yoshimichi,SAKUMA Tsutomu
Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 17(3), 293-296, 2011-06-01
… A 76-year-old smoking male with type-II diabetes mellitus admitted to our hospital for dyspnea and general malaise. …
NAID 10029687156

「インスリン様成長因子II」

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Insulin-like growth factor II E-peptide
Identifiers
Symbol	IGF2_C
Pfam	PF08365
InterPro	IPR013576
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Insulin-like growth factor 2
	PDB rendering based on 1igl.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1GF2, 1IGL, 2L29, 2V5P, 3E4Z, 3KR3
Identifiers
Symbols	IGF2 ; C11orf43; IGF-II; PP9974
External IDs	OMIM: 147470 MGI: 96434 HomoloGene: 510 GeneCards: IGF2 Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• insulin receptor binding; • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; • hormone activity; • protein binding; • growth factor activity; • receptor activator activity; • protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space; • plasma membrane; • platelet alpha granule lumen; • extracellular exosome;
Biological process	• skeletal system development; • ossification; • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; • platelet degranulation; • glucose metabolic process; • regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting; • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • multicellular organismal development; • blood coagulation; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • insulin receptor signaling pathway; • organ morphogenesis; • platelet activation; • exocrine pancreas development; • insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; • positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation; • positive regulation of catalytic activity; • positive regulation of MAPK cascade; • cellular protein metabolic process; • positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; • positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • striated muscle cell differentiation; • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling; • positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • positive regulation of receptor activity; • positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;

　　[★]

英: insulin-like growth factor II, IGF-II
同: インスリン様成長因子2、インスリン様増殖因子II、インスリン様増殖因子2
関: インスリン様成長因子

「IGF-II」

　　[★]

インスリン様増殖因子II、インスリン様成長因子II

関: IGF-2、insulin-like growth factor II

「insulin-like growth factor II receptor」

　　[★]

インスリン様増殖因子II受容体、インスリン様増殖因子IIレセプター

関: IGF type 2 receptor、IGF-2 receptor、IGF-II receptor、mannose 6-phosphate receptor

「like」

　　[★]

v.

好む

prep.

似ている、同様の

関: alike、as well as、care for、correspond、correspondingly、equally、favor、identically、likewise、prefer、resemble、same、similar、similarly、such

「grow」

　　[★]

v.

(過去: grew-過去分詞: grown)

成長する、生育する、伸びる

関: extend、growth、outgrow、outgrowth、stretch

「II」

　　[★]

「I」

　　[★]

「fact」

　　[★]

n.

事実、現状、実際、実態

関: actual、actually、in fact、in practice、indeed、practically

[1] "Insulin-Like Growth Factor II". MeSH. NCBI.

[2] Pham NV, Nguyen MT, Hu JF, Vu TH, Hoffman AR (Nov 1998). "Dissociation of IGF2 and H19 imprinting in human brain". Brain Research 810 (1-2): 1–8. PMID 9813220.

[3] Chen DY, Stern SA, Garcia-Osta A, Saunier-Rebori B, Pollonini G, Bambah-Mukku D, Blitzer RD, Alberini CM (Jan 2011). "A critical role for IGF-II in memory consolidation and enhancement". Nature 469 (7331): 491–7. doi:10.1038/nature09667. PMID 21270887.

[pmid21873981-4] Agis-Balboa RC, Arcos-Diaz D, Wittnam J, Govindarajan N, Blom K, Burkhardt S, Haladyniak U, Agbemenyah HY, Zovoilis A, Salinas-Riester G, Opitz L, Sananbenesi F, Fischer A (Oct 2011). "A hippocampal insulin-growth factor 2 pathway regulates the extinction of fear memories". The EMBO Journal 30 (19): 4071–83. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.293. PMC 3209781. PMID 21873981.

[pmid17409923-5] Balduyck B, Lauwers P, Govaert K, Hendriks J, De Maeseneer M, Van Schil P (Jul 2006). "Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura with associated hypoglycemia: Doege-Potter syndrome: a case report". Journal of Thoracic Oncology 1 (6): 588–90. doi:10.1097/01243894-200607000-00016. PMID 17409923.

[pmid23844573-6] He J, Zhang A, Fang M, Fang R, Ge J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Han C, Ye X, Yu D, Huang H, Liu Y, Dong M (2013). "Methylation levels at IGF2 and GNAS DMRs in infants born to preeclamptic pregnancies". BMC Genomics 14: 472. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-472. PMC 3723441. PMID 23844573.

[pmid11749962-7] Storch S, Kübler B, Höning S, Ackmann M, Zapf J, Blum W, Braulke T (Dec 2001). "Transferrin binds insulin-like growth factors and affects binding properties of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3". FEBS Letters 509 (3): 395–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03204-5. PMID 11749962.

[pmid11600567-8] Buckway CK, Wilson EM, Ahlsén M, Bang P, Oh Y, Rosenfeld RG (Oct 2001). "Mutation of three critical amino acids of the N-terminal domain of IGF-binding protein-3 essential for high affinity IGF binding". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 (10): 4943–50. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7936. PMID 11600567.

[pmid9497324-9] Twigg SM, Baxter RC (Mar 1998). "Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 5 forms an alternative ternary complex with IGFs and the acid-labile subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (11): 6074–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.11.6074. PMID 9497324.

[pmid9446566-10] Firth SM, Ganeshprasad U, Baxter RC (Jan 1998). "Structural determinants of ligand and cell surface binding of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (5): 2631–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.5.2631. PMID 9446566.

リンク元	「インスリン様成長因子II」「IGF-II」
拡張検索	「insulin-like growth factor II receptor」
関連記事	「like」「grow」「II」「I」「fact」

匿名

検索

案内

案内

insulin-like growth factor II