同: 下唾液核

WordNet

of or characteristic of low rank or importance
one of lesser rank or station or quality
having an orbit between the sun and the Earths orbit; "Mercury and Venus are inferior planets"
lower than a given reference point; "inferior alveolar artery"
of low or inferior quality
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

PrepTutorEJDIC

(階級・親分・質・程度などが)『下の』,『劣る』, / (位置が)低い,下方の / 目下の者;劣った人
中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/19 16:28:19」(JST)

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In the brain, the inferior salivatory nucleus is a cluster of neurons controlling the parasympathetic input to the parotid gland. It is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX).

Structure

Its precise location in humans has not yet been identified, but in other mammals it is located in the medulla within the general visceral efferent cell column, superior to the nucleus ambiguus and inferior to the superior salivatory nucleus.

While still in the medulla, fibers of the inferior salivatory nucleus join with fibers of the gustatory nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, and spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and exit the medulla as the mixed glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX). It sends fibers through the glossopharyngeal nerve's tympanic nerve and into the tympanic plexus. Exiting the plexus within the lesser petrosal nerve, these preganglionic fibers synapse with cells in the otic ganglion, which send postganglionic fibers into the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, then into the auriculotemporal nerve, finally reaching their target, the parotid gland.

Function

Parasympathetic input from fibers of the inferior salivatory nucleus stimulates the parotid gland to vasodilate and secrete saliva.

Additional images

The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue.
Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented; lateral view.

References

Kiernan, John A. (2005). Barr's The Human Nervous System: An Anatomical Viewpoint. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 150. ISBN 0-7817-5154-3.

External links

Illustration and text: 10ISN at the University of Wisconsin–Madison Medical school
http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/cns/histo/systems/cranialnerves/main.htm

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Role of medullary GABA signal transduction on parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the lower lip.

Kawakami S, Izumi H, Masaki E, Kuchiiwa S, Mizuta K.Author information Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Department of Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.AbstractIn the orofacial area, noxious stimulation of the orofacial structure in the trigeminal region evokes parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation, which occurs via the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Vsp) and the inferior/superior salivatory nucleus (ISN/SSN). However, the neurotransmitter involved in the inhibitory synaptic inputs within these nuclei has never been described. This parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation is suppressed by GABAergic action of volatile anesthetics, such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, and halothane, suggesting that medullary GABAergic mechanism exerts its inhibitory effect on the parasympathetic reflex via an activation of GABA receptors. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors in the Vsp and the ISN in regulating the lingual nerve (LN)-evoked parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the lower lip. Under urethane anesthesia (1g/kg), change in lower lip blood flow elicited by electrical stimulation of the LN was recorded in cervically vago-sympathectomized rats. Microinjection of GABA (10 μM; 0.3 μl/site) into the Vsp or the ISN significantly and reversibly attenuated the LN-evoked parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation. Microinjection of the GABA(A) receptor-selective agonist muscimol (100 μM; 0.3 μl/site) or the GABA(B) receptor-selective agonist baclofen (100 μM; 0.3 μl/site) into the Vsp or the ISN significantly and irreversibly reduced this reflex vasodilatation, and these effects were attenuated by pretreatment with microinjection of each receptor-selective antagonists [GABA(A) receptor selective antagonist bicuculline methiodide (1mM; 0.3 μl/site) or GABA(B) receptor selective antagonist CGP-35348 (1mM; 0.3 μl/site)] into the Vsp or the ISN. Microinjection of these antagonists alone into the Vsp or the ISN had no significant effect on this reflex vasodilatation. In addition, microinjection (0.3 μl/site) of the mixture of muscimol (100 μM) and baclofen (100 μM) into the Vsp or the ISN also significantly reduced this reflex vasodilatation. These results suggest that medullary GABA signal transduction inhibits the parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation in the rat lower lip via GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors in the Vsp and the ISN.
Brain research.Brain Res.2012 Feb 9;1437:26-37. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.023. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
In the orofacial area, noxious stimulation of the orofacial structure in the trigeminal region evokes parasympathetic reflex vasodilatation, which occurs via the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Vsp) and the inferior/superior salivatory nucleus (ISN/SSN). However, the neurotransmitter involved in the inhi
PMID 22226507

Location of parotid preganglionic neurons in the inferior salivatory nucleus and their relation to the superior salivatory nucleus of rat.

Rezek O, Boldogkoi Z, Tombácz D, Kovágó C, Gerendai I, Palkovits M, Tóth IE.Author information Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University of Medicine, 1083 Szigony Street 36, Budapest, Hungary. odonrezek@gmail.comAbstractIn major brain maps the location of the salivatory nuclei of the rat is depicted from the level of the root of the facial nerve to the level of the rostral tip of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Most published data deal with the superior salivatory nucleus (SSN). In the present study the topography of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons of the inferior salivatory nucleus (ISN) that innervate the parotid gland through the otic ganglion was determined by means of a retrograde transneuronal labeling technique. Parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory neurons were labeled following injection of the virus into the parotid gland. The majority of the ISN neurons were found dorsal to the facial motor nucleus, embedded in the parvocellular reticular formation. In addition to the ISN neurons, virus-labelled cells were present in the intermediolateral (IML) cell column of the thoracic spinal cord, in the brainstem catecholamine groups, and in medullary raphe neurons. The removal of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion prior to the virus injection into the parotid gland did not influence the labeling of the ISN neurons but labeled neurons were not observed in the IML and A5 catecholamine cell group. In our previous study we had defined the relationship between the lacrimal and submandibular subdivison of the SSN, while in the present study we defined the relationship between the ISN and the lacrimal subdivision of SSN: the later located ventrolaterally to the caudal portion of the ISN. On the basis of these data a three-dimensional topography is given suggesting the relationship between the ISN and SSN.
Neuroscience letters.Neurosci Lett.2008 Aug 8;440(3):265-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.099. Epub 2008 Jun 3.
In major brain maps the location of the salivatory nuclei of the rat is depicted from the level of the root of the facial nerve to the level of the rostral tip of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Most published data deal with the superior salivatory nucleus (SSN). In the present study the topograp
PMID 18572313

Central nervous system networks involved in the processing of meningeal and cutaneous inputs from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve in the rat.

Noseda R, Monconduit L, Constandil L, Chalus M, Villanueva L.Author information U929 Clermont Fd., France.AbstractThis study analysed the organization of central nervous system networks involved in the processing of meningeal inputs in the male, Sprague-Dawley rat. We injected the anterograde tracer, biotin dextran, into areas of the medullary trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C), which receive inputs from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Double-labelling immunohistochemical studies were then performed to compare calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or serotonin 1D (5HT1(D)) receptor distributions in the areas innervated by Sp5C neurons. Dense, topographically organized intratrigeminal connections were observed. Sp5C neurons projected to the commissural subnucleus of the solitary tract, A5 cell group region/superior salivatory nucleus, lateral periaqueductal grey matter, inferior colliculus and parabrachial nuclei. Trigeminothalamic afferents were restricted to the posterior group and ventroposteromedial thalamic nuclei. Some of these areas are also immunoreactive for 5HT1(D) and CGRP and thus remain potential central targets of triptan molecules and other antimigraine drugs.
Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.Cephalalgia.2008 Aug;28(8):813-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01588.x. Epub 2008 May 21.
This study analysed the organization of central nervous system networks involved in the processing of meningeal inputs in the male, Sprague-Dawley rat. We injected the anterograde tracer, biotin dextran, into areas of the medullary trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C), which receive inputs from the op
PMID 18498395

Japanese Journal

Organization and Distribution of the Upper and Lower Esophageal Motoneurons in the Medulla and the Spinal Cord of the Rat

HAYAKAWA Tetsu,TAKANAGA Akinori,TANAKA Koichi,MAEDA Seishi,SEKI Makoto
Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 78(6), 263-279, 2002
… Following injection of CTb into the cervical esophagus resulted in heavy labeling of the neurons in the nucleus ambiguus including the compact (AmC), semicompact (AmS) and loose (AmL) formations, and the medial column of lamina IX at the C1-C5 levels of the cervical spinal cord corresponding to the spinal accessory nucleus. …
NAID 130004650583

Analysis of the Central Pathway of the Trigeminal-Salivary Reflex by the Spinal Trigeminal Tractotomy

Imaminato Yoshimasa,Ishizuka Ken'Ichi,Murakami Toshiki
歯科基礎医学会雑誌 43(3), 268-277, 2001-06-20
NAID 110003164041

Analysis of the Central Pathway of the Trigeminal-Salivary Reflex by the Spinal Trigeminal Tractotomy.

Imaminato Yoshimasa,Ishizuka Ken'Ichi,Murakami Toshiki
歯科基礎医学会雑誌 43(3), 268-277, 2001
… Extracellular recordings were made from a total of 119 superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) neurons innervating the submandibular and sublingual glands in urethane-chloralose anaesthetized cats. … Responses to stimulation of the inferior alveolar (IA) nerve were investigated in trigeminal tractotomized animals at the level of the obex (Sp 5 C animals) and at the level of 2.5-3mm rostral from the obex (Sp 5 I animals) as well as in non-tractotomized (control) animals. …
NAID 130004001990

「下唾液核」

Inferior salivatory nucleus
	The inferior salivatory nucleus is one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which stimulates secretion from the parotid gland.
Details
Latin	nucleus salivatorius inferior
Identifiers
NeuroNames	hier-761
NeuroLex ID	Inferior salivatory nucleus
Dorlands; /Elsevier	n_11/12583286
TA	A14.1.04.255
FMA	72601
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy