WordNet

of or relating to infection; "infectious hospital"; "infectious disease"
caused by infection or capable of causing infection; "viruses and other infective agents"; "a carrier remains infective without himself showing signs of the disease" (同)infective
easily spread; "fear is exceedingly infectious; children catch it from their elders"- Bertrand Russell
a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes

PrepTutorEJDIC

(病気が)伝染する,伝染性の / (影響などが)感化しやすい,うつりやすい
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
気管支炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/15 04:52:09」(JST)

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Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) ^[1] is a coronavirus which infects chickens, causing the associated disease, infectious bronchitis (IB). It is a highly infectious avian pathogen which affects the respiratory tract, gut, kidney and reproductive systems of chickens.^[2]^[3]

There is also evidence that IBV can infect other avian species. IBV affects the performance of both meat producing and egg producing chickens and is responsible for substantial economic loss within the poultry industry.^[4]

Classification

IBV is a coronavirus, recently relocated to genus Gammacoronavirus, or group 3,^[5] with a non-segmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome.^[6]

Pathology

Respiratory system

When inhaled, virus will attach to glycoprotein receptors containing sialic acid on ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory epithelium. The respiratory replication will result in loss of ciliary activity,^[7] mucus accumulation, necrosis and desquamation, causing respiratory distress, râles and asphyxia. Local virus replication will result in viremia, spreading the infection into other tissues and organs. Other respiratory diseases of chickens (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, avian infectious laryngotracheitis (Gallid herpesvirus 1), Newcastle disease (Avian Paramyxovirus 1), avian metapneumovirus infection may be confused clinically to infectious bronchitis.

Kidney

Through viremia, some nephrotropic strains (most of high virulence) could infect the kidney epithelium in tubules and nephron, causing kidney failure. At gross examination, kidneys may appear swollen and pale in color and with urates in ureters.

Reproductive system

In hens, the viremic IBV will also reach the oviduct, causing lesions in the magnum (the egg-white gland) and in the uterus (the egg-shell gland), leading to a sharp decline of egg production, shell-less, fragile or roughened shells eggs (uterus lesion) with watery whites (magnum lesion). Infection of chickens at puberty, during the oviduct development, will impede oviduct formation and destroy future laying capacity, resulting in "false layers". However, other diseases affecting layer chickens could lead to that condition.^[8]

Vaccines

There are both attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines available. Their effectiveness is diminished by poor cross-protection. The nature of the protective immune response to IBV is poorly understood, but the surface spike protein, the amino-terminal S1 half, is sufficient to induce good protective immunity. Experimental vector IB vaccines and genetically manipulated IBVs—with heterologous spike protein genes—have produced promising results, including in the context of in ovo vaccination.^[4]

References

^ "ICTV Home". Ictvdb.rothamsted.ac.uk. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
^ Casais, R., Thiel, V.,, Siddell, S.G., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P. (2001). "Reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.". Journal of Virology 75 (24): 12359–12369. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.24.12359-12369.2001. PMC 116132. PMID 11711626.
^ Cavanagh, D. (2001). "A nomenclature for avian coronavirus isolates and the question of species status.". Avian Pathology 30 (2): 109–115. doi:10.1080/03079450120044506. PMID 19184884.
^ ^a ^b Cavanagh, D (Mar 2007). "Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus". Vet Res. 38 (2): 281–97. doi:10.1051/vetres:2006055.
^ "ICTV Virus Taxonomy". Ictvonline.org. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
^ de Vries, A.A.F., Horzinek, M.C., Rottier, P.J.M., de Groot., R.J. (1997). "The genome organisation of the Nidovirales: similarities and differences between arteri-, toro-, and coronaviruses.". Seminars in Virology 8: 33–547. doi:10.1006/smvy.1997.0104.
^ "Ciliary activity of chicken tracheal epithelial cells". YouTube. 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
^ "Infectious Bronchitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-17.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 単純ヘルペスウイルス1型感染の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection
2. 成人における急性気管支炎 acute bronchitis in adults
3. ウイルス誘発性の喘鳴および喘息：概要 virus induced wheezing and asthma an overview
4. 小児における季節性インフルエンザ：臨床的特徴および診断 seasonal influenza in children clinical features and diagnosis
5. 小児における急性上気道閉塞の緊急評価 emergency evaluation of acute upper airway obstruction in children

English Journal

Acoustic trapping as a generic non-contact incubation site for multiplex bead-based assays.

Tenje M1, Xia H2, Evander M3, Hammarström B3, Tojo A3, Belák S4, Laurell T5, LeBlanc N6.
Analytica chimica acta.Anal Chim Acta.2015 Jan 1;853:682-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.07.008. Epub 2014 Jul 14.
In this study, we show a significantly reduced assay time and a greatly increased bead recovery for a commercial Luminex-based multiplex diagnostic immunoassay by performing all liquid handling steps of the assay protocol in a non-contact acoustic trapping platform. The Luminex assay is designed for
PMID 25467518

The avian coronavirus spike protein.

Wickramasinghe IN1, van Beurden SJ1, Weerts EA1, Verheije MH2.
Virus research.Virus Res.2014 Dec 19;194:37-48. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
Avian coronaviruses of the genus Gammacoronavirus are represented by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the coronavirus of chicken. IBV causes a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory tract and, depending on the strain, other tissues including the reproductive and urogenital tract. The
PMID 25451062

Molecular characterization of an infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from northern China in 2012.

Zhao Y1, Liu XY, Cheng JL, Wu YP, Zhang GZ.
Archives of virology.Arch Virol.2014 Dec;159(12):3457-61. doi: 10.1007/s00705-014-2213-1. Epub 2014 Aug 29.
This study reports the complete genome sequence of an infectious bronchitis virus (CK/CH/SD/121220, KJ128295) isolated in 2012 from Shandong Province in northern China. The genome is 27,666 nt long, comprising six genes and 5' and 3' untranslated regions. The full-length genome of the CK/CH/SD/1212
PMID 25168045

Japanese Journal

Alteration in Serum Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines during Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 Infection in Patients with Severe Multiple Disabilities

, , ,
Japanese Journal of Infectious
… An epidemic of parainfluenza virus type 1 (PIV1) infection occurred in a hospital ward housing patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. … One-half of the symptomatic patients had increased blood monocyte counts and the other half progressed to bronchitis or pneumonia. …
NAID 130004692242

Lactococcus lactis Anchoring Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Multi-Epitope Peptode EpiC Induced Specific Immune Responses in Chickens

GAO Hai-Peng,WANG Hong-Ning,YANG Xin,ZHANG An-Jun,LI Xin,DING Meng-Die,LIU Si-Tong,ZHANG Shi-Kun,YANG Fan
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 77(7), 1499-1504, 2013-07-23
NAID 10031190459

採卵鶏および肉用鶏における伝染性気管支炎ウイルスのサーベイランス

中条正樹,日下部麻子,三宅由利子,小島温子,矢島和枝,浦本京也
鶏病研究会報 49(1), 50-54, 2013-05-25
NAID 10031174521

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リンク元	「伝染性気管支炎ウイルス」
拡張検索	「avian infectious bronchitis virus」
関連記事	「infectious」「virus」

「伝染性気管支炎ウイルス」

Avian infectious bronchitis virus
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Coronaviridae
Genus:	Gammacoronavirus
Species:	Avian infectious bronchitis virus