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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/15 18:10:29」(JST)

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Zymosan is a glucan with repeating glucose units connected by β-1,3-glycosidic linkages. It binds to TLR 2. Zymosan is a ligand found on the surface of fungi, like yeast. ^[1]

Zymosan is prepared from yeast cell wall and consists of protein-carbohydrate complexes. It is used to induce experimental sterile inflammation. In macrophages, zymosan-induced responses include the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, arachidonate mobilization, protein phosphorylation, and inositol phosphate formation. Zymosan A also raises cyclin D2 levels suggesting a role for the latter in macrophage activation besides proliferation. It potentiates acute liver damage after galactosamine injection suggesting that certain types of nonparenchymal cells other than Kupffer cells are involved in zymosan action.^[2]

References

^ Sato M, Sano H, Iwaki D et al. (2003). "Direct binding of Toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha secretion are down-regulated by lung collectin surfactant protein A". J. Immunol. 171 (1): 417–25. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.417. PMID 12817025.
^ http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/Z4250

External links

Zymosan at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 血液透析膜の生体適合性についての臨床結果 clinical consequences of hemodialysis membrane biocompatibility
2. 慢性疾患の貧血（［慢性］炎症時の貧血） anemia of chronic disease anemia of chronic inflammation

English Journal

Burn-induced alterations in toll-like receptor-mediated responses by bronchoalveolar lavage cells.

Oppeltz RF, Rani M, Zhang Q, Schwacha MG.SourceDepartment of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Cytokine.Cytokine.2011 Sep;55(3):396-401. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
Burn is associated with profound inflammation and activation of the innate immune system in multiple organ beds, including the lung. Similarly, toll-like receptors (TLR) are associated with innate immune activation. Nonetheless, it is unclear what impact burn has on TLR-induced inflammatory response
PMID 21696980

CD8α(+) dendritic cells improve collagen-induced arthritis in CC chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 deficient mice.

Ibarra JM, Quinones MP, Estrada CA, Jimenez F, Martinez HG, Ahuja SS.SourceDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
Immunobiology.Immunobiology.2011 Sep;216(9):971-8. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
OBJECTIVE: Dendritic cells (DCs) have long been recognized as potential therapeutic targets of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increasing evidence has showed that DCs are capable of suppressing autoimmunity by expanding FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)), which in turn exert immunosuppression by increa
PMID 21531476

Japanese Journal

A Dried Tofu-Supplemented Diet Affects mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Blood

TOVAR Vivian,OGURA Mieko,KOBAYASHI Ai,KIMURA Sayaka,SAITO Kazunori,KAINUMA Michiko,YOHDA Masafumi,HASEGAWA Setsuo,MITSUHASHI Masato
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 56(6), 396-410, 2010-12-01
… Triplicate aliquots of 0.06 mL each of whole blood were stimulated ex vivo with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-P, heat aggregated human IgG (HAG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan A, and anti-T cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody to activate specific subsets of leukocytes, then the levels of various inflammatory cytokine mRNA were quantified by real time PCR. …
NAID 10027415376

Effects of Mycotoxins on Chemiluminescent Response and Cytokine mRNA Expression of Bovine Neutrophils

WADA Kenji,NABAE Akiko,HIGUCHI Hidetoshi,NAGAHATA Hajime
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 1006250269, 2010
… The opsonized zymosan (OPZ)-stimulated CL response of PMNs was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by AFB1 (>50 pg/ml), AFM1 (>50 pg/ml) and ZEA (>50 ng/ml). …
NAID 130000307669

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拡張検索	「opsonized-zymosan」「zymosan activated serum」

「opsonized-zymosan」

Zymosan
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	9010-72-4
ChemSpider
Properties
Chemical formula	(C6H10O5)x
Molar mass	Variable
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references

　　[★] オプソニン化ザイモザン

「zymosan activated serum」

　　[★] ザイモザン処理血清

[1] Sato M, Sano H, Iwaki D et al. (2003). "Direct binding of Toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha secretion are down-regulated by lung collectin surfactant protein A". J. Immunol. 171 (1): 417–25. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.417. PMID 12817025.

[2] ttp://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/Z4250

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zymosan