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The viridans streptococci are a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria species that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates (hence the name "viridans", from Latin "vĭrĭdis", green), or nonhemolytic. The pseudotaxonomic non-Linnean term Streptococcus viridans is often used to refer to this group of species, but writers that do not like to use the pseudotaxonomic term (which treats a group of species as if they were one species) prefer the terms viridans streptococci^[1] or viridans streptococcal species.

These species possess no Lancefield antigens.^[2] In general, pathogenicity is low.^[3]

Identification

Viridans streptococci can be differentiated from Streptococcus pneumoniae using an optochin test, as viridans streptococci are optochin resistant; they also lack either the polysaccharide-based capsule typical of S. pneumoniae or the Lancefield antigens of the pyogenic members of the genus.^[4]

	Viridans streptococci	Streptococcus pneumoniae
Solubility in bile	Insoluble	Soluble
Fermentation of inulin	Not a fermenter	Fermenter with acid production
Sensitivity to optochin	Not sensitive	Sensitive
Pathogenicity to mice	Nonpathogenic	Pathogenic
Quellung test	Negative	Positive

Pathology

The organisms are most abundant in the mouth, and one member of the group, S. mutans, is the etiologic agent of dental caries in most cases and populations. S. sanguinis is also another potential cause. Others may be involved in other mouth or gingival infections as pericoronitis.

If they are introduced into the bloodstream, they have the potential of causing endocarditis, in particular in individuals with damaged heart valves. They are the most common causes of subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Viridans streptococci have the unique ability to synthesize dextrans from glucose, which allows them to adhere to fibrin-platelet aggregates at damaged heart valves. This mechanism underlies their ability to cause subacute valvular heart disease following their introduction into the bloodstream (e.g., following dental extraction).

Treatment

See List of antibiotics.

References

^ Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, headword "streptococcus", subentry "viridans streptococci".
^ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 293–4. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
^ Viridans Streptococci at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Patterson MJ (1996). "Streptococcus". Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al., eds.) (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.

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English Journal

Antimicrobial Activity of the Investigational Pleuromutilin Compound BC-3781 Tested against Gram-Positive Organisms Commonly Associated with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections.

Sader HS, Biedenbach DJ, Paukner S, Ivezic-Schoenfeld Z, Jones RN.SourceAddress correspondence to Helio S. Sader, helio-sader@jmilabs.com.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2012 Mar;56(3):1619-23. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
BC-3781 is a novel semisynthetic pleuromutilin antimicrobial agent developed as an intravenous and oral therapy for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and respiratory tract infections (RTI). BC-3781 and comparator agents were tested by the broth microdilution method against
PMID 22232289

Rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Schmidt V, Jarosch A, März P, Sander C, Vacata V, Kalka-Moll W.SourceMedical Faculty, University of Cologne Medical Center, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 20, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2012 Mar;31(3):311-7. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Blood culture is probably the most significant specimen used for the diagnosis of bacterial infections, especially for bloodstream infections. In the present study, we compared the resin-containing BD BACTEC™ Plus-Aerobic (Becton Dickinson), non-charcoal-containing BacT/Alert(®) SA (bioMérieux),
PMID 21698496

Japanese Journal

ビリダンスレンサ球菌による重症感染症の臨床的検討

玉木久光,大塚正弘,伊藤昌弘
小児感染免疫 25(2), 137-143, 2013-07-01
NAID 10031184024

Invasion of human aortic endothelial cells by oral viridans group streptococci and induction of inflammatory cytokine production

長田恵美
口腔衛生学会雑誌 63(2), 116-117, 2013-04-30
NAID 110009668604

The rgg Gene is a Specific Marker for Streptococcus oralis

PARK H. K.,LEE H. J.,JEONG E.-G.,SHIN H.-S.,KIM W.
Journal of dental research 89(11), 1299-1303, 2010-11-01
NAID 10029474667

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「緑色連鎖球菌」「viridans group streptococci」

「緑色連鎖球菌」

viridans streptococci
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Firmicutes
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Lactobacillales
Family:	Streptococcaceae
Genus:	Streptococcus