WordNet

an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication (同)trigeminal_nerve, trigeminus, nervus_trigeminus, fifth_cranial_nerve

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神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/19 21:45:37」(JST)

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The trigeminal ganglion (or Gasserian ganglion, or semilunar ganglion, or Gasser's ganglion) is a sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) that occupies a cavity (Meckel's cave) in the dura mater, covering the trigeminal impression near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Structure

It is somewhat crescentic in shape, with its convexity directed forward: Medially, it is in relation with the internal carotid artery and the posterior part of the cavernous sinus.

The motor root runs in front of and medial to the sensory root, and passes beneath the ganglion; it leaves the skull through the foramen ovale, and, immediately below this foramen, joins the mandibular nerve.

The greater superficial petrosal nerve lies also underneath the ganglion.

The ganglion receives, on its medial side, filaments from the carotid plexus of the sympathetic.

It gives off minute branches to the tentorium cerebelli, and to the dura mater in the middle fossa of the cranium.

From its convex border, which is directed forward and lateralward, three large nerves proceed, viz., the ophthalmic (V₁), maxillary (V₂), and mandibular (V₃).

The ophthalmic and maxillary consist exclusively of sensory fibers; the mandibular is joined outside the cranium by the motor root.

Clinical significance

After recovery from a primary herpes infection, the virus is not cleared from the body, but rather lies dormant in a non-replicating state within the trigeminal ganglion.^[1]

Herpes Labialis may follow from primary herpes infection/herpetic gingivostomatitis

The trigeminal ganglion is damaged, by infection or surgery, in trigeminal trophic syndrome. Trigeminal trophic syndrome causes paresthesias and anesthesia, which may lead to erosions of the nasal ala.

The thermocoagulation or injection of glycerol into the trigeminal ganglion has been used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

Other animals

Rodents

In rodents, the trigeminal ganglion is important as it is the first part of the pathway from the whiskers to the brain. Cell bodies of the whisker primary afferents are found here. These afferents are mechanoreceptor cells that fire in response to whisker deflection.

There are around 26,000-43,000 cell bodies in rodent Trigeminal ganglion. It is possible that there are two distinct (or perhaps continuous) populations of cells having slowly and rapidly adapting responses to stimuli.

It is found at the base of the skull and projects to trigeminal brain stem areas including principalis, spinal trigeminal nucleus, interpolaris, and caudalis.

Additional images

Base of the skull. Upper surface.
Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view.
The otic ganglion and its branches.
Trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal ganglion. Deep dissection. Superior view.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

^ Verjans GM, Hintzen RQ, van Dun JM et al. (2007). "Selective retention of herpes simplex virus-specific T cells in latently infected human trigeminal ganglia". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (9): 3496–501. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610847104. PMC 1805572. PMID 17360672.

External links

Diagram at University of Manitoba
Diagram (as "Gasserian Ganglion") at frca.co.uk
MedEd at Loyola grossanatomy/dissector/labs/h_n/cranium/cn3_1a.htm
NeuroNames ancil-484
trigeminal+ganglion at eMedicine Dictionary
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The expression of Toll-like receptor 4, 7 and co-receptors in neurochemical sub-populations of rat trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons.

Helley MP1, Abate W2, Jackson SK2, Bennett JH1, Thompson SW3.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Dec 3;310:686-98. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.069. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
The recent discovery that mammalian nociceptors express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has raised the possibility that these cells directly detect and respond to pathogens with implications for either direct nociceptor activation or sensitization. A range of neuronal TLRs have been identified, however a
PMID 26434622

Effects of moderate static magnetic fields on the voltage-gated sodium and calcium channel currents in trigeminal ganglion neurons.

Lu XW1,2, Du L2, Kou L1,2, Song N1,2, Zhang YJ1,2, Wu MK1,2, Shen JF1,2.
Electromagnetic biology and medicine.Electromagn Biol Med.2015 Dec;34(4):285-92. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2014.906448. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
AIM: To study the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) on the electrophysiological properties of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels on trigeminal ganglion (TRG) neurons.METHODS: Acutely dissociated TRG neurons of neonatal SD rats were exposed to 125-mT and 12.5-mT SMF in exposure devices a
PMID 24712748

Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) of trigeminal ganglion for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression (MVD).

Du Y1, Yang D1, Dong X1, Du Q1, Wang H1, Yu W2.
Irish journal of medical science.Ir J Med Sci.2015 Dec;184(4):745-51. doi: 10.1007/s11845-014-1163-7. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
BACKGROUND: Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has become the best surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia, it does not achieve 100 % cure rate. Re-exploration of the posterior fossa may carry increased risk over first-time MVD and is not always successful, so other treatments are neede
PMID 24951087

Japanese Journal

デクスメデトミジン鎮静を行ったガッセル神経節ブロックの1症例

城戸晴規,駒澤伸泰,藤原俊介 [他]
麻酔 63(8), 901-903, 2014-08
NAID 40020171918

INVOLVEMENT OF GLIAL ACTIVATION IN TRIGEMINAL GANGLION IN A RAT MODEL OF LOWER GINGIVAL CANCER PAIN

SUGIHARA YASUO,UEDA MINORU,NAKASHIMA HIDEYUKI,NAGAMINE KENJIRO,HATTORI HISASHI,OZAKI NORIYUKI,HIRONAKA KATSUNORI
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 76(3-4), 323-332, 2014-08
NAID 120005468130

ラット三叉神経節ニューロンにおけるNa＋-Ca２＋交換輸送体 : Sodium-calcium exchangers in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons

黒田英孝
歯科学報 114(1), 48-53, 2014-02-28
NAID 120005435864

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「三叉神経節」
拡張検索	「trigeminal ganglion block」
関連記事	「trigeminal」

「三叉神経節」

Nerve: Trigeminal ganglion
	Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above. (Semilunar ganglion visible near bottom.)
	Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. (Semilunar ganglion visible in upper left.)
Latin	ganglion trigeminale, ganglion semilunare (Gasseri)
Gray's	p.886
MeSH	Semilunar+Ganglion