WordNet

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/06 19:41:44」(JST)

wiki en

Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the alveolar pressure and the intrapleural pressure in the lungs. During human ventilation, air flows because of pressure gradients.

P_tp = P_alv - P_ip. Where P_tp is transpulmonary pressure, P_alv is alveolar pressure, and P_ip is intrapleural pressure.

Physiology

Since atmospheric pressure is relatively constant, pressure in the lungs must be higher or lower than atmospheric pressure for air to flow between the atmosphere and the alveoli. It is nothing but the elastic recoiling of the lungs. If 'transpulmonary pressure' = 0 (alveolar pressure = intrapleural pressure), such as when the lungs are removed from the chest cavity or air enters the intrapleural space (a pneumothorax), the lungs collapse as a result of their inherent elastic recoil. Under physiological conditions the transpulmonary pressure is always positive; intrapleural pressure is always negative and relatively large, while alveolar pressure moves from slightly positive to slightly negative as a person breathes. For a given lung volume the transpulmonary pressure is equal and opposite to the elastic recoil pressure of the lung.

The transpulmonary pressure vs Volume curve of inhalation (usually plotted as Volume in function of Pressure) is different from that of exhalation, the difference being described as hysteresis. Lung volume at any given pressure during inhalation is less than the lung volume at any given pressure during exhalation.^[1]

Measurement

Transpulmonary pressure can be measured by placing pressure transducers. The alveolar pressure is estimated by measuring the pressure in the airways while holding one's breath.^[2] The intrapleural pressure is estimated by measuring the pressure inside a balloon placed in the esophagus.^[2]

Measurement of transpulmonary pressure assists in spirometry in availing for calculation of static lung compliance.

References

^ John B. West (2005). Respiratory physiology: the essentials. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-5152-7.
^ ^a ^b Page 96 in: Chest medicine: essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine. By Ronald B. George. ISBN 978-0-7817-5273-2 [1]

This medical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 胸腔内圧の測定 measurement of pleural pressure
2. 成人の急性呼吸窮迫症候群における機械的人工換気 mechanical ventilation of adults in acute respiratory distress syndrome
3. 呼気終末陽圧（PEEP） positive end expiratory pressure peep
4. 頸動脈内膜剥離術および頸動脈ステント留置術の麻酔 anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting
5. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair

English Journal

The occlusion tests and end-expiratory esophageal pressure: measurements and comparison in controlled and assisted ventilation.

Chiumello D1,2, Consonni D3, Coppola S4,5, Froio S6,7, Crimella F8, Colombo A9.
Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0112-1. Epub 2016 Feb 12.
BACKGROUND: Esophageal pressure is used as a reliable surrogate of the pleural pressure. It is conventionally measured by an esophageal balloon placed in the lower part of the esophagus. To validate the correct position of the balloon, a positive pressure occlusion test by compressing the thorax dur
PMID 26868503

Respiratory mechanics and lung stress/strain in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Chiumello D1,2, Chidini G3, Calderini E4, Colombo A5, Crimella F6, Brioni M7.
Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0113-0. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
BACKGROUND: In sedated and paralyzed children with acute respiratory failure, the compliance of respiratory system and functional residual capacity were significantly reduced compared with healthy subjects. However, no major studies in children with ARDS have investigated the role of different level
PMID 26847436

Mechanical Power and Development of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury.

Cressoni M1, Gotti M, Chiurazzi C, Massari D, Algieri I, Amini M, Cammaroto A, Brioni M, Montaruli C, Nikolla K, Guanziroli M, Dondossola D, Gatti S, Valerio V, Vergani GL, Pugni P, Cadringher P, Gagliano N, Gattinoni L.
Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2016 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The ventilator works mechanically on the lung parenchyma. The authors set out to obtain the proof of concept that ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) depends on the mechanical power applied to the lung.METHODS: Mechanical power was defined as the function of transpulmonary pressure, ti
PMID 26872367

Japanese Journal

Clinical Significance of Elevated Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Cardiopulmonary Parameters After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

NAKAMURA Tatsuya,OKUCHI Kazuo,MATSUYAMA Takeshi,FUKUSHIMA Hidetada,SEKI Tadahiko,KONOBU Toshifumi,NISHIO Kenji
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 49(5), 185-191, 2009-05-15
… Daily changes in serum A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively) were measured for 10 days, and intrathoracic blood volume index and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) were measured for 5 days by the single transpulmonary thermodilution method. …
NAID 10025947641