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WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true
the degree to which something is poisonous

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
毒性,有毒性
testis の複数形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/24 16:23:05」(JST)

wiki en

Toxicology testing, also known as safety testing, or toxicity testing, is conducted to determine the degree to which a substance can damage a living or non-living organisms. It is often conducted by researchers using standard test procedures to comply with governing regulations. Some toxicology testing is chemical testing while some others use animals in the laboratory studies. Contract animal testing facilities such as Huntingdon Life Sciences and Inveresk Research International conduct a variety of tests on behalf of customers, including the manufacturer of medicines and household products.^[1]

History

Europe

Around one million animals, primate and non–primate, are used every year in Europe in toxicology tests.^[2] In the UK, one-fifth of animal experiments are toxicology tests.^[3]

Methodology

Toxicity tests examine finished products such as pesticides, medications, food additives such as artificial sweeteners, packing materials, and air freshener, or their chemical ingredients. The substances are applied to the skin or eyes; injected intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously; inhaled either by placing a mask over the animals and restraining them, or by placing them in an inhalation chamber; or administered orally, through a tube into the stomach, or placing them in the animals' food. Doses may be given once, repeated regularly for many months, or for the lifespan of the animal. Toxicity tests can also be conducted on materials need to be disposed such as sediment to be disposed in marine environment.

Contract research organizations

A contract research organization (CRO) is an organization that provides support to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, chemical, and medical device industries in the form of research services outsourced on a contract basis. A CRO may provide toxicity testing services, along with others such as assay development, preclinical research, clinical research, clinical trials management, and pharmacovigilance. CROs also support foundations, research institutions, and universities, in addition to governmental organizations (such as the NIH, EMEA, etc.).^[4]

Regulation

United States

In the United States, toxicology tests are subject to Good Laboratory Practice guidelines and other Food and Drug Administration laws.

References

^ "Factsheet – Household Product Testing". Buav.org. February 2004. Archived from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
^ Abbott, A (November 10, 2005). "Animal testing: More than a cosmetic change". Nature 438 (7065): 144–146. doi:10.1038/438144a. PMID 16281001.
^ Select Committee on Animals in Scientific Procedures Report, House of Lords, Chapter 3: The purpose and nature of animal experiments.
^ "The CRO Market", Association of Clinical Research Organizations.

External links

What is aquatic toxicity testing?
Genetic and Molecular Toxicology Assays, Safety Assessment, Animal Research Laboratories Agency.

This animal rights-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This Toxicology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. バソプレシンおよびデスモプレシン刺激試験 vasopressin and desmopressin stimulation test
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3. Adverse effects of neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia for obstetrics
4. 副腎不全におけるACTHに対する反応の評価 evaluation of the response to acth in adrenal insufficiency
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English Journal

In vitro assessment of the toxicity of bushfire emissions: A review.

Dong TTT1, Hinwood AL2, Callan AC3, Zosky G4, Stock WD2.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2017 Dec 15;603-604:268-278. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.062. Epub 2017 Jun 17.
PMID 28628818

Pharmacophore-based design and discovery of (-)-meptazinol carbamates as dual modulators of cholinesterase and amyloidogenesis.

Xie Q1, Zheng Z2, Shao B2, Fu W1, Xia Z2, Li W1, Sun J1, Zheng W1,3, Zhang W2, Sheng W1, Zhang Q1, Chen H2, Wang H2, Qiu Z1.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):659-671. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1265521.
PMID 28274151

Synthesis of new pyridothienopyrimidinone derivatives as Pim-1 inhibitors.

Naguib BH1,2, El-Nassan HB2, Abdelghany TM3.
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry.J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem.2017 Dec;32(1):457-467. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1261130.
PMID 28097906

Japanese Journal

摘果モモ果実のプルナシンと安全性評価の予備検討

樋口かよ,尾形美貴,木村英生 [他],飯野久和,渕野裕之,川原信夫
日本食品化学学会誌 22(1), 45-50, 2015-04-24
… Next, we conducted an oral dose toxicity test in a single time using rats and tekikamomo boiled for 15 minutes. …
NAID 110009934924