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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/04 08:16:41」(JST)

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A metamale (or supermale) is a low viability Drosophila fruit fly with a male phenotype in which the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes (A) is less than 0.5.^[1] For example: a fly with one X chromosome and two sets of autosomes is a normal male, a fly with one X chromosome and three sets of autosomes is a metamale.

American geneticist Calvin Bridges, who discovered the genic balance sex-determination system in Drosophila in 1921, used the terms "superfemale" and "supermale".^[2] German-American geneticist Curt Stern proposed the alternate terms "metafemale" and "metamale" in 1959.^[3]

References

^ King, Robert C.; Mulligan, Pamela Khipple; Stansfield, William D. (2013). A dictionary of genetics (8th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 189, 288, 458. ISBN 978-0-19-976643-7.
genic balance: a mechanism of sex determination, originally discovered in Drosophila, that depends on the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes (A). Males develop when the X/A ratio is 0.5 or less, females develop when the X/A ratio is 1.0 or greater, an intersex develops when the ratio is between 0.5 and 1.0. See Appendix C, 1925, Bridges; metafemales, metamales, sex determination.
metafemale: in Drosophila, a female phenotype of relatively low viability in which the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes exceeds 1.0, previously called a superfemale. See intersex, metamale.
metamale: in Drosophila, a poorly viabile male characterized by cells containing one X and three sets of autosomes, previously called a supermale. See intersex, metafemale.
superfemale: metafemale (q.v.).
supermale: metamale (q.v.).
^ Bridges, Calvin B. (September 16, 1921). "Triploid intersexes in Drosophila melanogaster". Science 54 (1394): 252–254. doi:10.1126/science.54.1394.252. JSTOR 1646022. PMID 17769897.
^ Stern, Curt (December 12, 1959). "Use of the term 'superfemale'". Lancet 274 (7111): 1088. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(59)91557-0.

External links

Gilbert, Scott F. (2000). "Chapter 17. Sex determination". Developmental biology. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 9780878932436.
- Chromosomal Sex Determination in Mammals. Bethesda, Md.: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- Chromosomal Sex Determination in Drosophila. Bethesda, Md.: National Center for Biotechnology Information.

English Journal

Sex-biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis).

Harkess A1, Mercati F2,3, Shan HY4, Sunseri F2, Falavigna A5, Leebens-Mack J1.
The New phytologist.New Phytol.2015 Aug;207(3):883-92. doi: 10.1111/nph.13389. Epub 2015 Mar 27.
Sex chromosomes have evolved independently in phylogenetically diverse flowering plant lineages. The genes governing sex determination in dioecious species remain unknown, but theory predicts that the linkage of genes influencing male and female function will spur the origin and early evolution of s
PMID 25817071

[Morphology and pathogenesis of 47, XYY/47, XY, +mar identified in patients with super male syndrome].

Song Y1, Jin X, Zhao D, Guo Z.
Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics.Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi.2015 Jun;32(3):378-80. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2015.03.017.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the source and morphology of supernumerary markers from patients with 47,XYY/47,XY, +mar and supermale syndrome.METHODS: Conventional GTG banded karyotyping and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on 21 such patients.RESULTS: Among these cases, 1
PMID 26037355

Migrating partial seizures in infancy and 47XYY syndrome: Cause or coincidence?

Iyer RS1, Thanikasalam1, Krishnan M2.
Epilepsy & behavior case reports.Epilepsy Behav Case Rep.2014 Mar 20;2:43-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2014.02.003. eCollection 2014.
Migrating partial seizures in infancy (MPSI) is a rare epilepsy syndrome with poor prognosis. The exact etiology of MPSI is still not known. We report a 14-month-old baby with 47XYY karyotype who presented with developmental delay and drug-refractory seizures satisfying the diagnostic criteria for M
PMID 25667867

Japanese Journal

Identification of homozygous male plants by quantitative analysis of a nucleotide sequence linked to the sex-determination locus in Asparagus officinalis L.