WordNet

make a veinlike pattern
any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ (同)nervure
one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect (同)nervure
a layer of ore between layers of rock (同)mineral vein
a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; "all veins except the pulmonary vein carry unaerated blood" (同)vena, venous blood vessel
a distinctive style or manner; "he continued in this vein for several minutes"
a skillet made of cast iron
predatory arachnid with eight legs, two poison fangs, two feelers, and usually two silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey
a computer program that prowls the internet looking for publicly accessible resources that can be added to a database; the database can then be searched with a search engine (同)wanderer
having or showing markings that resemble veins (同)venose, veinlike

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『静脈』 / 〈C〉(植物の)葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈;(石の)石理;(木の)木目 / 〈C〉岩脈,鉱脈 / 〈U〉《しばしば a vein》(…の)傾向,性質《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《the vein》(…に対する)気分,気持ち《+for+名(doing)》
クモ / 《米》フライパン
しも(筋)のある,筋のついた
(葉・昆虫の羽などの)脈模様,すじ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/21 21:41:13」(JST)

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Telangiectasias /tɛlˌæn.dʒiː.ɛkˈteɪ.zi.ə/ or angioectasias (also known as spider veins) are small dilated blood vessels^[1] near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter.^[2] They can develop anywhere on the body but are commonly seen on the face around the nose, cheeks, and chin. They can also develop on the legs, specifically on the upper thigh, below the knee joint, and around the ankles. Many patients who suffer with spider veins seek the assistance of physicians who specialize in vein care or peripheral vascular disease. These physicians are called phlebologists or interventional radiologists.

Some telangiectasia are due to developmental abnormalities that can closely mimic the behaviour of benign vascular neoplasms. They may be composed of abnormal aggregations of arterioles, capillaries, or venules. Because telangiectasias are vascular lesions, they blanch when tested with diascopy.

Telangiectasia is a component of the CREST variant of scleroderma (CREST is an acronym that stands for calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.)

Causes

The causes of telangiectasia can be divided into congenital and acquired factors.

Congenital causes

Goldman states that "numerous inherited or congenital conditions display cutaneous telangiectasia".^[2] These include:

Naevus flammeus (port-wine stain)
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
Maffucci's syndrome (multiple endochondromas & hemangiomas)
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Sturge-Weber syndrome, a nevus formation in the skin supplied by the trigeminal nerve and associated with facial port-wine stains, glaucoma, meningeal angiomas and mental retardation.

Acquired causes

Cushing's syndrome

Venous hypertension

Telangiectasia in the legs is often related to the presence of venous hypertension within underlying varicose veins. Flow abnormalities within the medium sized veins of the leg (reticular veins) can also lead to the development of telangiectasia. Factors that predispose to the development of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins include

Age: The development of spider veins may occur at any age but usually occurs between 18 and 35 years, and peaks between 50 and 60 years.^{[citation needed]}
Gender: Females are affected approximately four to one to males.^{[citation needed]}
Pregnancy: Pregnancy is a key factor contributing to the formation of varicose and spider veins. The most important factor is circulating hormones that weaken vein walls. There's also a significant increase in the blood volume during pregnancy, which tends to distend veins, causing valve dysfunction which leads to blood pooling in the veins. Moreover, later in pregnancy, the enlarged uterus can compress veins, causing higher vein pressure leading to dilated veins. Varicose veins that form during pregnancy may spontaneously improve or even disappear a few months after delivery.^{[citation needed]}
Lifestyle/Occupation: Those who are involved with prolonged sitting or standing in their daily activities have an increased risk of developing varicose veins. The weight of the blood continuously pressing against the closed valves causes them to fail, leading to vein distention.^{[citation needed]}

Other acquired causes

Acquired telangiectasia, not related to other venous abnormalities, for example on the face and trunk, can be caused by factors such as

Acne rosacea
Blepharitis^[3]
Environmental damage such as that caused by sun or cold exposure
Trauma to skin such as contusions or surgical incisions.
Radiation exposure such as that experienced during radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer
Chemotherapy
Carcinoid syndrome
Limited systemic sclerosis/scleroderma (a Scleroderma sub-type)
Chronic treatment with topical corticosteroids may lead to telangiectasia.^[4]
Spider angiomas are a radial array of tiny arterioles that commonly occur in pregnant women and in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and are associated with palmar erythema. In men, they are related to high estrogen levels secondary to liver disease.
Tempi syndrome

Treatment

Sclerotherapy is the "gold standard" and is preferred over laser for eliminating telangiectasiae and smaller varicose leg veins.^[5] A sclerosant medication is injected into the diseased vein so it hardens and eventually shrinks away. Recent evidence with foam sclerotherapy shows that the foam containing the irritating sclerosant quickly appears in the patient's heart and lungs, and then in some cases travels through a patent foramen ovale to the brain.^[6] This has led to concerns about the safety of sclerotherapy for telangectasias and spider veins. In some cases stroke and transient ischemic attacks have occurred after sclerotherapy.^[7] Varicose veins and reticular veins are often treated before treating telangiectasia, although treatment of these larger veins in advance of sclerotherapy for telangiectasia may not guarantee better results.^[8]^[9]^[10] Varicose veins can be treated with foam sclerotherapy, endovenous laser treatment, radiofrequency ablation or open surgery. The biggest risk, however, seems to occur with sclerotherapy, especially in terms of systemic risk of DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke.

Another issue that arises with the use of sclerotherapy to treat spider veins is staining, shadowing, telangetatic matting and ulceration. In addition, incompleteness of therapy is common, requiring multiple treatment sessions.

Telangiectasias on the face are often treated with a laser. Laser therapy uses a light beam that is pulsed onto the veins in order to seal them off, causing them to dissolve. These light-based treatments require adequate heating of the veins. These treatments can result in the destruction of sweat glands, and the risk increases with the number of treatments.

References

^ "telangiectasia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ ^a ^b Goldman, Mitchel P (1995). Sclerotherapy treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 0-8151-4011-8.
^ Lindsey K, Matsumara S, Hatel E, Akpek EK (2012). "Interventions for chronic blepharitis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5: CD00556. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD00556.pub2. PMID 22592706.
^ Johnson BA, Nunley JR (May 2000). "Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis". Am Fam Physician 61 (9): 2703–10, 2713–4. PMID 10821151.
^ Sadick N, Sorhaindo L (2007). "16. Laser Treatment of Telangiectatic and Reticular Veins". In Bergan, John J. The Vein Book. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-12-369515-5.
^ Ceulen RP, Sommer A, Vernooy K (April 2008). "Microembolism during foam sclerotherapy of varicose veins". N. Engl. J. Med. 358 (14): 1525–6. doi:10.1056/NEJMc0707265. PMID 18385510.
^ Forlee MV, Grouden M, Moore DJ, Shanik G (January 2006). "Stroke after varicose vein foam injection sclerotherapy". J. Vasc. Surg. 43 (1): 162–4. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.032. PMID 16414404.
^ Duffy DM Sclerotherapy for Telangiectasia – The impact of small changes in vessel size on treatment outcomes. Cosmetic Dermatology March 2012. Vol. 25, No. 3.
^ Treatment of Leg Veins. Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series. Editors Murad Alam, Sirunya Silapunt. Second Edition Saunders Elsevier Inc. 2011
^ Schuller-Petrovic S, Pavlovic MD, Schuller S, Schuller-Lukic B, Adamic M. Telangiectasias resistant to sclerotherapy are commonly connected to a perforating vessel. Phlebology. 2013;28(6):320-3.

External links

"Varicose Veins and Spider Veins - FAQs". Womenshealth.gov. December 2005. Archived from the original on 6 Oct 2008.
"Varicose veins and spider veins fact sheet". Womenshealth.gov. 2 June 2010.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 遺伝性出血性毛細血管拡張症（オースラー・ウェーバー・ランデュ症候群） hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia osler weber rendu syndrome
2. 毛細血管拡張性運動失調症 ataxia telangiectasia
3. 下肢毛細血管拡張症、網状脈および小静脈瘤のレーザーおよび光線療法 laser and light therapy of lower extremity telangiectasias reticular veins and small varicose veins
4. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema
5. 下肢慢性静脈疾患の分類 classification of lower extremity chronic venous disorders

English Journal

Ciliary neurotrophic factor for macular telangiectasia type 2: results from a phase 1 safety trial.

Chew EY1, Clemons TE2, Peto T3, Sallo FB4, Ingerman A5, Tao W6, Singerman L7, Schwartz SD8, Peachey NS9, Bird AC10; MacTel-CNTF Research Group.
American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2015 Apr;159(4):659-666.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 19.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of intraocular delivery of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) using an encapsulated cell implant for the treatment of macular telangiectasia type 2.DESIGN: An open-label safety trial conducted in 2 centers enrolling 7 participants with macular telangi
PMID 25528956

Coats-like retinopathy in a Young Indian Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta).

Liu DX1, Gilbert MH, Wang X, Didier PJ, Shields CL, Lackner AA.
Journal of medical primatology.J Med Primatol.2015 Apr;44(2):108-12. doi: 10.1111/jmp.12166. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
A 1-year-old male Indian rhesus macaque presented with a bilateral blindness. Ocular examination, gross and histopathological evaluation, and immunohistochemistry were performed. The major findings were retinal telangiectasia, accumulation of exudate in the intraretinal and subretinal space, and ret
PMID 25656754

Coats disease in a patient with Fanconi anemia: a case report.

Martín-Sanz R1, Peña D, López-Miguel A, Coco-Martín MB, González-García H, Álvarez-Guisasola FJ, Pastor JC.
European journal of ophthalmology.Eur J Ophthalmol.2015 Mar-Apr;25(2):182-3. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000517. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
PURPOSE: To describe the diagnosis and management of Coats disease in a patient with Fanconi anemia.METHODS: Case report.RESULTS: A 12-year-old girl with Fanconi anemia developed Coats disease. Retinal vasculature anomalies are present in both diseases; however, differential diagnosis in this case c
PMID 25264118

Japanese Journal

千葉県房総半島南端の千倉層群白浜層(上部鮮新統)に発達するゼオライト脈

井上厚行,小竹信宏,坂庭康友 [他],今井亮
地質學雜誌 108(7), 465-473, 2002-07-15
千葉県房総半島南端に分布する千倉層群白浜層中の白色細脈は,従来付加体堆積物から報告されている鉱物脈とは異なり,カルサイトの外にアポフィライトやヒューランダイト,エリオナイト,アナルサイム,ナトロライト,トムソナイト,チャバサイトなどのゼオライトを主体とする鉱物脈である.随伴するカルサイトのδ^<13>C_<PDB>(-39‰〜-5‰)とδ^<18>O_<S …
NAID 110003025114

肝硬変モデルラットにおける門脈圧亢進性腸症の検討

小野田正美
日本消化器病學會雜誌 = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology 99(6), 584-592, 2002-06-05
thioacetamide(TAA)を用いて作製した肝硬変・門脈圧亢進ラットに色素混入ラテックスを門脈本幹より注入し，大腸血管像を組織標本と透明標本で観察した．粘膜固有層から固有筋層までの樹枝状の静脈の蛇行・拡張・増加(WT)と，くも状血管腫様の拡張血管の集合像(VE)の所見を得た．一方，肝硬変症患者38例の大腸内視鏡検査でWTおよびVEと類似した所見が得られ，それぞれの陽性率は78.9%，65. …
NAID 10008748181

干葉県房総半島南端の干倉層群白浜層（上部鮮新統）に発達するゼオライト脈

井上厚行,小竹信宏,坂庭康友,今井亮
地質学雑誌 108(7), 465-473, 2002
千葉県房総半島南端に分布する千倉層群白浜層中の白色細脈は,従来付加体堆積物から報告されている鉱物脈とは異なり,カルサイトの外にアポフィライトやヒューランダイト,エリオナイト,アナルサイム,ナトロライト,トムソナイト,チャバサイトなどのゼオライトを主体とする鉱物脈である.随伴するカルサイトのδ<SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>PDB</SUB>(- …
NAID 130003743932