WordNet

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time; "a slow walker"; "the slow lane of traffic"; "her steps were slow"; "he was slow in reacting to the news"; "slow but steady growth"
cause to proceed more slowly; "The illness slowed him down" (同)slow down, slow up
become slow or slower; "Production slowed" (同)slow down, slow up, slack, slacken
(used of timepieces) indicating a time earlier than the correct time; "the clock is slow"
at a slow tempo; "the band played a slow waltz"
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(速度・動作などが)『遅い』,のろい / 《補語または名詞の後にのみ用いて》(時計などが)『遅れている』 / 『ゆったりした』,あわてない / (人が)理解の遅い,頭の鈍い / (生活・パーティーなどが)『活気のない』,おもしろくない / 遅く,ゆっくり(slowly) / 『遅くなる』,速度を落とす《+『down』(『up』)》 / …‘を'『遅くする』,‘の'速度を落とす《+『名』+『down』(『up』),+『down』(『up』)+『名』》
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. アキレス腱に至らない脹脛部の傷害 calf injuries not involving the achilles tendon
2. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の診断 diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
4. 神経筋接合部の電気診断学的評価 electrodiagnostic evaluation of the neuromuscular junction
5. 心不全における骨格筋機能低下および運動耐容能低下 skeletal muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance in heart failure

English Journal

Metabolomics and transcriptomics demonstrate severe oxidative stress in both localized chemotherapy-treated and bystander tumors.

Morvan D1, Demidem A2.Author information 1UDA University, 49 Boulevard François Mitterrand, CS 60032, 63001 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France; Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, F-63011 Clermont Ferrand, France. Electronic address: ademidem@clermont.inra.fr.2UMR 1019 INRA/UDA University, ECREIN, Laboratoire de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63001 Clermont Ferrand, France. Electronic address: Daniel.Morvan@udamail.fr.AbstractBACKGROUND: Localized radiotherapy is long known to cause damages to not only targeted but also non-targeted cells, the so-called bystander (BS) effect. Recently, BS effect was demonstrated in response to chemotherapy. To get further insight into the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced BS effect in vivo, we investigated the response of normal tissues and untreated BS melanomas, at distance from localized chemotherapy-treated melanomas.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Mar;1840(3):1092-104. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.022. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
BACKGROUND: Localized radiotherapy is long known to cause damages to not only targeted but also non-targeted cells, the so-called bystander (BS) effect. Recently, BS effect was demonstrated in response to chemotherapy. To get further insight into the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced BS effect in vi
PMID 24296419

The lipid peroxidation end-product and oxidant 4-hydroxynonenal induces insulin resistance in rat slow-twitch skeletal muscle.

Prasannarong M, Santos FR, Hooshmand P, Hooshmand P, Giovannini FJ, Henriksen EJ.Author information Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson, AZ , USA.AbstractAbstract Context: The lipid peroxidation end-product and oxidant 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) impairs cell function. However, the impact of 4-HNE on the glucose transport system in mammalian slow-twitch skeletal muscle is not known. Objective: We assessed the effects of 4-HNE on insulin signalling and glucose transport activity in slow-twitch muscle by incubating soleus strips from lean Zucker rats with 4-HNE (50 µM) in the absence or presence of insulin (5 mU/ml) for up to 6 hr. Results: Insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 4-HNE at 2 hr. AS160 Thr(642) phosphorylation was decreased at 2 hr, whereas Akt Ser(473) phosphorylation and IRS-1 protein expression were not substantially changed until 4 hr. IRS-2 protein expression was slightly decreased only at 6 hr. Conclusions: The lipid peroxidation end-product and oxidant 4-HNE induces insulin resistance of glucose transport activity in rat slow-twitch skeletal muscle, initially associated with impaired phosphorylation of AS160.
Archives of physiology and biochemistry.Arch Physiol Biochem.2014 Feb;120(1):22-8. doi: 10.3109/13813455.2013.834937. Epub 2013 Sep 16.
Abstract Context: The lipid peroxidation end-product and oxidant 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) impairs cell function. However, the impact of 4-HNE on the glucose transport system in mammalian slow-twitch skeletal muscle is not known. Objective: We assessed the effects of 4-HNE on insulin signalling and g
PMID 24040897

Calcimimetics increase CaSR expression and reduce mineralization in vascular smooth muscle cells: mechanisms of action.

Hénaut L, Boudot C, Massy ZA, Lopez-Fernandez I, Dupont S, Mary A, Drüeke TB, Kamel S, Brazier M, Mentaverri R.Author information Inserm Unit 1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France.AbstractAIMS: Vascular calcification (VC) contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Allosteric modulators of the calcium (Ca)-sensing receptor (CaSR) may slow the progression of VC in CKD patients either by reducing serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, and phosphate levels or by a direct effect on the vessel wall. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of calcimimetics on CaSR expression, cell phenotype, and mineral deposition in human vascular smooth muscle cells (h-VSMCs).
Cardiovascular research.Cardiovasc Res.2014 Feb 1;101(2):256-65. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvt249. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
AIMS: Vascular calcification (VC) contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Allosteric modulators of the calcium (Ca)-sensing receptor (CaSR) may slow the progression of VC in CKD patients either by reducing serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), Ca, and phospha
PMID 24217682

Japanese Journal

ONO-1301, a Sustained-Release Prostacyclin Analog, Ameliorates the Renal Alterations in a Mouse Type 2 Diabetes Model Possibly Through Its Protective Effects on Mesangial Cells

Watatani Hiroyuki,Yamasaki Hiroko,Maeshima Yohei,Nasu Tatsuyo,Hinamoto Norikazu,Ujike Haruyo,Sugiyama Hitoshi,Sakai Yoshiki,Tanabe Katsuyuki,Makino Hirofumi
Acta Medica Okayama 69(1), 1-15, 2015-02
… Here we examined the therapeutic effects of the intermittent administration of slow-release ONO-1301 (SR-ONO) on diabetic nephropathy in obese type 2 diabetes mice, as well as its direct effects on mesangial cells. …
NAID 120005549937

Evidence for organic cation transporter-mediated metformin transport and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in rat skeletal muscles.

Oshima Rieko,Yamada Mayumi,Kurogi Eriko,Ogino Yohei,Serizawa Yasuhiro,Tsuda Satoshi,Ma Xiao,Egawa Tatsuro,Hayashi Tatsuya
Metabolism 64(2), 296-304, 2015-02
… [Objective] 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key molecule of metabolic enhancement in skeletal muscle. … We investigated whether metformin (MET) acts directly on skeletal muscle, is transported into skeletal muscle via organic cation transporters (OCTs), and activates AMPK. …
NAID 120005540403