WordNet

the physical property of being stiff and resisting bending (同)rigidness
the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball (同)sclerotic coat

PrepTutorEJDIC

三いこと,硬直 / 厳格;厳密,厳正
鞏膜(きょうまく)(角膜とともに眼球をおおっている堅くて白い膜)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. スティッフパーソン症候群 stiff person syndrome
2. パーキンソン病の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of parkinson disease
3. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
4. 成人における急性細菌性髄膜炎の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in adults
5. 悪性症候群 neuroleptic malignant syndrome

English Journal

Autologous dermal grafts as posterior lamellar spacers in the management of lower eyelid retraction.

Yoon MK1, McCulley TJ.Author information 1*Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School; †Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‡Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.AbstractPURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of autologous postauricular dermal grafts as posterior lamellar spacing material in patients with lower eyelid retraction.
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery.Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg.2014 Jan-Feb;30(1):64-8. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000000012.
PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of autologous postauricular dermal grafts as posterior lamellar spacing material in patients with lower eyelid retraction.METHODS: At a tertiary care institution, 10 eyelids of 10 patients (7 men, 3 women; mean 56 years, range 24-78) who underwent repair
PMID 24398491

Phenotypic heterogeneity in the endothelium of the human vortex vein system.

Yu PK1, Tan PE, Cringle SJ, McAllister IL, Yu DY.Author information 1Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia; The ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia.AbstractThe vortex vein system is the drainage pathway for the choroidal circulation and serves an important function in the effective drainage of the exceptionally high blood flow from the choroidal circulation. As there are only 4-6 vortex veins, a large volume of blood must be drained from many choroidal veins into each individual vortex vein. The vortex vein system must also cope with passing through tissues of different rigidity and significant pressure gradient as it transverses from the intrao-cular to the extra-ocular compartments. However, little is known about how the vortex vein system works under such complex situations in both physiological and pathological condition. Endothelial cells play a vital role in other vascular systems, but they have not been studied in detail in the vortex vein system. The purpose of this study is to characterise the intracellular structures and morphology in both the intra-and extra-ocular regions of the human vortex vein system. We hypothesise the presence of endothelial phenotypic heterogeneity through the vortex vein system. The inferior temporal vortex vein system from human donor eyes were obtained and studied histologically using confocal microscopy. The f-actin cytoskeleton and nuclei were labelled using Alexa Fluor conjugated Phalloidin and YO-PRO-1. Eight regions of the vortex vein system were examined with the venous endothelium studied in detail with quantitative data obtained for endothelial cell and nuclei size and shape. Significant endothelial phenotypic heterogeneity was found throughout the vortex vein system with the most obvious differences observed between the ampulla and its downstream regions. Variation in the distribution pattern of smooth muscle cells, in particular the absence of smooth muscle cells around the ampulla, was noted. Our results suggest the presence of significantly different haemodynamic forces in different regions of the vortex vein system and indicate that the vortex vein system may play important roles in regulation of the choroidal circulation.
Experimental eye research.Exp Eye Res.2013 Oct;115:144-52. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.006. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
The vortex vein system is the drainage pathway for the choroidal circulation and serves an important function in the effective drainage of the exceptionally high blood flow from the choroidal circulation. As there are only 4-6 vortex veins, a large volume of blood must be drained from many choroidal
PMID 23872432

An examination of the baropathic nature of axial myopia.

McMonnies CW.Author information School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia. c.mcmonnies@unsw.edu.au.AbstractAn examination of how intraocular pressure distending forces on the posterior sclera are an important mechanism in the development and progression of axial myopia has been made. Papers were selected from the results of PubMed (143) and Science Direct (1,398) searches using the key word combinations of 'axial myopia' and 'intraocular pressure'. The main points include that the sclera is exposed to distending forces at all levels of physiological and pathological intraocular pressure. Reversible axial elongation is a common physiological response to elevated intraocular pressure in healthy eyes but more so in myopic eyes. Key variables, which appear to determine pathological (non-reversible) axial elongation include the thickness, rigidity and viscoelasticity of the posterior sclera and the associated increased susceptibility of it to distending forces. Intraocular pressure appears likely to have a greater role when it is above normal. Intraocular pressure elevations, which are not detected by clinical or experimental tonometry, may be significant contributors to axial elongation. Axial elongation can be pathological in myopic or myopically predisposed eyes, when elongation is not reversible. Axial elongation has also been associated with retinal defocus in both animals and humans, when thinning due to loss of scleral collagen and/or ground substance, which is driven by the retina, appears likely to be associated with increased scleral susceptibility to intraocular pressure. As myopia progresses, signs of retinal and choroidal stretching are an increasingly apparent consequence of the balloon-like expansion of the posterior sclera in response to intraocular pressure. Avoidance or moderation of activities which are known to elevate intraocular pressure may improve the prognosis for patients with genetic and/or environmental predisposition to myopic progression and may be an important consideration, even when other myopic control measures are being used.
Clinical & experimental optometry : journal of the Australian Optometrical Association.Clin Exp Optom.2013 Aug 13. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12101. [Epub ahead of print]
An examination of how intraocular pressure distending forces on the posterior sclera are an important mechanism in the development and progression of axial myopia has been made. Papers were selected from the results of PubMed (143) and Science Direct (1,398) searches using the key word combinations
PMID 23937058