WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
talk volubly
genre of African-American music of the 1980s and 1990s in which rhyming lyrics are chanted to a musical accompaniment; several forms of rap have emerged (同)rap music, hip-hop
a gentle blow (同)strike, tap
voluble conversation
strike sharply; "rap him on the knuckles" (同)knap
perform rap music
done or occurring in a brief period of time; "a rapid rise through the ranks"
a part of a river where the current is very fast
characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed; "a rapid movement"; "a speedy car"; "a speedy errand boy" (同)speedy
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
(…を)『コツン』(『トン』)『とたたくこと』(『音』)《+『on』(『at』)+『名』》 / 《話》(人のしたことに対する)非難,とがめ《+『for』+『名』》 / 《俗》おしゃべり / …‘を'コツン(トン)とたたく / 〈命令など〉‘を'びしゃりと言う《+『out』+『名』,+『名』+『out』》 / (…を)コツン(トン)とたたく《+『at』(on)+『名』》 / 《俗》互いに気持ちよく話す・〔俗〕非難（する）; 叱る; 〔俗〕告訴［処罰，逮捕］（する）; 〔俗〕おしゃべり（する）; 〔米俗〕ラップ（ミュージック）; 〔米俗〕ラップで歌う・「take the rap」で「甘んじて罰を受ける」
少しも(…しない)
『速い』,『すばやい』,敏速な / (坂などが)急な,険しい / 急流,早瀬
American College Testing / Australian Capital Territory

UpToDate Contents

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1. 副腎不全におけるACTHに対する反応の評価 evaluation of the response to acth in adrenal insufficiency
2. 思春期における多嚢胞性卵巣症候群の診断的評価 diagnostic evaluation of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
3. クッシング症候群の原因の特定 establishing the cause of cushings syndrome
4. 小児における副腎不全の診断 diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in children
5. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチ evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock

English Journal

The biology of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) related to obesity, stress, anxiety, mood, and drug dependence.

Witkin JM1, Statnick MA2, Rorick-Kehn LM2, Pintar JE3, Ansonoff M3, Chen Y2, Tucker RC2, Ciccocioppo R4.Author information 1Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: jwitkin@lilly.com.2Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.3University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.4School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.AbstractNociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and rats has enabled progress in elucidating the biological functions of N/OFQ. Additionally, radio-imaging technologies have been advanced for investigation of this system in animals and humans. Together with traditional neurobehavioral techniques, these tools have been utilized to identify the biological significance of the N/OFQ system and its interacting partners. The present review focuses on the role of N/OFQ in the regulation of feeding, body weight homeostasis, stress, the stress-related psychiatric disorders of depression and anxiety, and in drug and alcohol dependence. Critical evaluation of the current scientific preclinical literature suggests that small molecule modulators of nociceptin opioid peptide receptors (NOP) might be useful in the treatment of diseases related to these biological functions. In particular, the literature data suggest that antagonism of NOP receptors will produce anti-obesity and antidepressant activities in humans. However, there are also contradictory data discussed. The current literature on the role of N/OFQ in anxiety and addiction, on the other hand points primarily to a role of agonist modulation being potentially therapeutic. Some drug-like molecules that function either as agonists or antagonists of NOP receptors have been optimized for human clinical study to test some of these hypotheses. The discovery of PET ligands for NOP receptors, combined with the pharmacological tools and burgeoning preclinical data set discussed here bodes well for a rapid advancement of clinical understanding and potential therapeutic benefit.
Pharmacology & therapeutics.Pharmacol Ther.2014 Mar;141(3):283-99. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.011. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and rats has enabled progress in elucidating the biological functions of N/OFQ. Additionally, radio-imaging technologies have been adv
PMID 24189487

Acute effects of physical exercise and phosphodiesterase's type 5 inhibition on serum 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases related glucocorticoids metabolites: a pilot study.

Di Luigi L1, Botrè F, Sabatini S, Sansone M, Mazzarino M, Guidetti L, Baldari C, Lenzi A, Caporossi D, Romanelli F, Sgrò P.Author information 1Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135, Rome, Italy, luigi.diluigi@uniroma4.it.AbstractEndogenous glucocorticoids (GC) rapidly increase after acute exercise, and the phosphodiesterase's type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) tadalafil influences this physiological adaptation. No data exist on acute effects of both acute exercise and PDE5i administration on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs)-related GC metabolites. We aimed to investigate the rapid effects of exercise on serum GC metabolites, with and without tadalafil administration. A double blind crossover study was performed in eleven healthy male volunteers. After the volunteers randomly received a short-term administration of placebo or tadalafil (20 mg/die for 2 days), a maximal exercise test to exhaustion on cycle ergometer was performed. Then, after a 2-week washout period, the volunteers were crossed over. Blood samples were collected before starting exercise and at 5 and 30 min of recovery (+5-Rec, +30-Rec). Serum ACTH, corticosterone (Cn), cortisol (F), cortisone (E), tetrahydrocortisol (THF), tetrahydrocortisone (THE), cortols, cortolones and respective ratios were evaluated. Pre-Ex THF was higher after tadalafil. Exercise increased ACTH, Cn, F, E, THE, cortols and cortolones after both placebo and tadalafil, and THF after placebo. The F/E ratio increased at +5-Rec and decreased at +30-Rec after placebo. Compared to placebo, after tadalafil lower ACTH, F and Cn, higher THF/F and THE/E, and not E (at +5-Rec) and F/E modifications were observed. Acute exercise rapidly influences serum GC metabolites concentrations. Tadalafil influences both GC adaptation and 11β-HSDs activity during acute exercise. Additional researches on the effects of both exercise and PDE5i on tissue-specific 11β-HSDs activity at rest and during physiological adaptation are warranted.
Endocrine.Endocrine.2014 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) rapidly increase after acute exercise, and the phosphodiesterase's type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) tadalafil influences this physiological adaptation. No data exist on acute effects of both acute exercise and PDE5i administration on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-H
PMID 24532078

Clinical Findings, Diagnostic Test Results, and Treatment Outcome in Cats with Spontaneous Hyperadrenocorticism: 30 Cases.

Valentin SY1, Cortright CC, Nelson RW, Pressler BM, Rosenberg D, Moore GE, Scott-Moncrieff JC.Author information 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.AbstractBACKGROUND: Spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is rare in cats. Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and response to various treatment options must be better characterized.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.J Vet Intern Med.2014 Jan 16. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12298. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is rare in cats. Clinical findings, diagnostic test results, and response to various treatment options must be better characterized.OBJECTIVES: To report the clinical presentation, clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic imaging results, and response
PMID 24433386