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the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber (同)tree trunk, bole
luggage consisting of a large strong case used when traveling or for storage

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(枝および根と区別して樹木の)『幹』 / (人・動物の)胴体 / 『トランク』旅行用箱型の大型かばん) / 象の鼻 / 《複数形で》(文泳などスポーツ競技用の)男子用パンツ,チランクス / 《米》(自動車後部の)荷物入れ,トランク(《英》boot) / =trunk line
肺の;肺を冒す

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/16 21:54:33」(JST)

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The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. It is one of the only arteries (other than the umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carries deoxygenated blood.

Structure

In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk (pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery) begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide—approximately 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in length and 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries (left and right), which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung.^{[citation needed]}

Embryology

The pulmonary arteries originate from the truncus arteriosus and the sixth pharyngeal arch. The truncus arteriosis is a structure that forms during the development of the heart as a successor to the conus arteriosus. ^[1]

By the third week of embryological life, the endocardial tubes have developed a swelling in the part closest to the heart. The swelling is known as the bulbus cordis and the upper part of this swelling develops into the truncus arteriosus ^[2] The structure is ultimately mesodermal in origin.^[1] During development of the heart, the heart tissues undergo folding, and the truncus arteriosus is exposed to what will eventually be both the left and right ventricles. As a septum develops between the two ventricles of the heart, two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus. These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. ^[3]

During embryological life, the ductus arteriosis connects the pulmonary trunk and the arch of aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.^[4]

Function

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The blood here passes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes oxygenated as part of the process of respiration.^{[citation needed]}

In contrast to the pulmonary arteries, the bronchial arteries supply nutrition to the lungs themselves.^[5]

The pulmonary artery pressure (PA pressure) is a measure of the blood pressure found in the pulmonary artery. This is measured by inserting a catheter into the pulmonary artery.^[6] ^:190–191 The mean pressure is typically 9 - 18 mmHg,^[7] and the wedge pressure measured in the left atrium may be 6-12mmHg. The wedge pressure may be elevated in left heart failure,^[6]^:190–191 mitral valve stenosis, and other conditions, such as sickle cell disease.^[8]

Clinical significance

The pulmonary artery is relevant in a number of clinical states. Pulmonary hypertension is used to describe an increase in the pressure of the pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg.^[6]^:720 This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure, lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma, or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia.^[6]^:720–721

Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis, especially after a period of immobility. A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke.^[6]^:720–721 A large pulmonary embolus affecting the pulmonary trunk is called a saddle embolus.^{[citation needed]}

Additional images

Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the aortic root and trachea, and the right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the ascending aorta, while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the descending aorta.
Pulmonary circuit
Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.Crystal.
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery.Deep dissection.Anterior view.

External links

53805116 at GPnotebook
Anatomy photo:20:01-0106 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Heart: The Pericardial sac and Great vessels"
Anatomy photo:20:07-0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Heart: Openings of Great Vessels into the Pericardial Sac"
Anatomy figure: 19:05-06 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Mediastinal surface of the right lung."
Anatomy figure: 19:06-02 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Mediastinal surface of the left lung."
Histology image: 13802loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University

References

^ ^a ^b Larsen 2009, p. 157.
^ Larsen 2009, pp. 159-160.
^ Larsen 2009, pp. 176-179.
^ Braunwald, Eugene. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine (Fourth ed.). p. 791.
^ Braunwald, Eugene. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine (4th ed.). p. 790.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e edited by Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston ; illustrated by Robert Britton (2010). Davidson's principles and practice of medicine. (21st ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7020-3084-0.
^ Edwards Lifesciences LLC > Normal Hemodynamic Parameters – Adult 2009
^ Pashankar FD, Carbonella J, Bazzy-Asaad A, Friedman A (April 2008). "Prevalence and risk factors of elevated pulmonary artery pressures in children with sickle cell disease". Pediatrics 121 (4): 777–82. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0730. PMID 18381543.

Schoenwolf ... [et al.], Gary C. (2009). Larsen's human embryology (4th ed., Thoroughly rev. and updated. ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. "Development of the Urogenital system". ISBN 9780443068119.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における肺高血圧症の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in adults
2. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
3. 成人における肺静脈閉塞症の疫学、病因、臨床評価および診断 epidemiology pathogenesis clinical evaluation and diagnosis of pulmonary veno occlusive disease in adults
4. 肺動脈カテーテル法：成人における血行動態値および波形の解釈 pulmonary artery catheterization interpretation of hemodynamic values and waveforms in adults
5. 心原性肺水腫の病態生理 pathophysiology of cardiogenic pulmonary edema

English Journal

Sevoflurane Preconditioning Confers Neuroprotection via Anti-apoptosis Effects.

Wang H1,2, Shi H3, Yu Q1,2, Chen J2,4, Zhang F5,6, Gao Y7,8.
Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement.Acta Neurochir Suppl.2016;121:55-61. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_10.
Neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia afforded by volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro, yet the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We previously reported that repeated sevoflurane APC reduced infarct size in rats after focal ischemia.
PMID 26463923

Use of bioresorbable scaffold for neopulmonary artery in simple transposition of great arteries: Tissue engineering moves steps in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Nappi F1, Spadaccio C2, Fraldi M3, Acar C4.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Dec 15;201:639-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.124. Epub 2015 Aug 15.
BACKGROUND: Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (SPS) remains a worrisome complication in the long term of simple transposition of the great arteries. Issues of scar formation and inability to grow are considered at the base of this phenomenon. We pioneered the use of a tissue engineering approach to g
PMID 26340132

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk.

Wu WH1, Sun JP2, Ma L1, Xie XY1, Yang XS2, Yu CM3.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Dec 15;201:165-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.041. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
PMID 26298368

Japanese Journal

Thrombus Removal by Acute-phase Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy to Treat Cerebral Embolism Caused by Thrombus in the Pulmonary Vein Stump after Left Upper Pulmonary Lobectomy: Case Report

Ikeda Hiroyuki,Yamana Norikazu,Murata Yoshitake,Saiki Masaaki
NMC Case Report Journal, 2014
… Thrombus formation in a pulmonary vein stump after pulmonary lobectomy is extremely rare, but can trigger cerebral embolism of unknown cause. … Although blood abnormalities or arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation were not observed, thrombus in the left upper pulmonary vein stump was detected with contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the body trunk, which was therefore considered as the source of cerebral embolism. …
NAID 130004715772

Lymphangiosarcoma with systemic metastases in a Japanese domestic cat

THONGTHARB Atigan,CHAMBERS James K.,UCHIDA Kazuyuki,WATANABE Ken-ichi,TAKAHASHI Ayaka,MOCHIZUKI Manabu,NISHIMURA Ryohei,NAKAYAMA Hiroyuki
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2014
… Two months later, the cat was euthanized, and postmortem findings revealed edema, and bruising at the caudal region of the trunk, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. … Microscopically, neoplastic tissues were observed in the dermis and subcutis of the trunk, lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, diaphragm, omentum and mesentery. …
NAID 130004713008

アルコール多飲者に発症した劇症型肺炎球菌感染症の1例

亀井博紀,今井幸弘,西岡弘晶
日本救急医学会雑誌 25(6), 273-278, 2014
症例はアルコール多飲の生活歴をもつ生来健康な48歳の男性。発熱と全身の疼痛を主訴に近医を受診し，低体温と代謝性アシドーシスを認め，当院へ緊急搬送された。意識障害，低血圧，頻呼吸を呈し，四肢および体幹前面に紫斑を認めた。血液検査では肝・腎機能障害，凝固能異常，乳酸アシドーシスの所見があり，腹部CTで脾臓低形成を認めた。敗血症性ショックと播種性血管内凝固症候群（disseminated intrava …
NAID 130004706570

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「肺動脈」「肺動脈幹」
関連記事	「trunk」「pulmonary」

「肺動脈」

Pulmonary artery
Details
Precursor	truncus arteriosus
System	Cardiovascular, Respiratory
Source	right ventricle
Identifiers
Latin	truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis
MeSH	A07.231.114.715
Dorlands; /Elsevier	t_20/12826098
TA	A12.2.01.001
FMA	8612
	Anatomical terminology; [edit on Wikidata]