WordNet

situated nearest to point of attachment or origin; "the proximal end of a bone"
an abnormal condition in males in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis

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1. 尿道下裂 hypospadias
2. 小児における身体的診察：会陰 the pediatric physical examination the perineum
3. 外性器異常（性分化疾患）のある乳児のマネージメント management of the infant with atypical genitalia disorder of sex development
4. 微細欠失症候群（1番～11番染色体） microdeletion syndromes chromosomes 1 to 11
5. 男性の尿失禁 urinary incontinence in men

Dysregulation of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) expression resulted in aberrant Wnt-β-catenin signaling and cell death of the cloaca endoderm, and anorectal malformations.

Ng RC1, Matsumaru D2, Ho AS3, Garcia-Barceló MM1, Yuan ZW4, Smith D5, Kodjabachian L6, Tam PK1, Yamada G2, Lui VC1.
Cell death and differentiation.Cell Death Differ.2014 Jun;21(6):978-89. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2014.20. Epub 2014 Mar 14.
In mammalian urorectal development, the urorectal septum (urs) descends from the ventral body wall to the cloaca membrane (cm) to partition the cloaca into urogenital sinus and rectum. Defective urs growth results in human congenital anorectal malformations (ARMs), and their pathogenic mechanisms ar
PMID 24632949

Multiple hypoplastic duplicated urethral hydrodistension and simple end-to-end anastomosis to penoscrotal hypospadias: a novel technique.

Mazaheri T1, Rad MV, Fareghi M, Kajbafzadeh AM.
International urology and nephrology.Int Urol Nephrol.2014 May 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Complete urethral duplication is a rare congenital genitourinary anomaly with various symptoms. Since anatomical place of urethra greatly varies between cases, surgical management of the patients is personalized according to the type of the duplication and requires a careful workup before planning f
PMID 24859321

Riccabona M.
Der Urologe. Ausg. A.Urologe A.2014 May;53(5):741-50. doi: 10.1007/s00120-014-3438-z.
Hypospadias are diagnosed at birth. Counseling of the parents should be performed in detail. Isolated hypospadias has to be differentiated from disorders of sexual development which are mostly associated with cryptorchidism and micropenis. The operation is timed around the first birthday. Preoperati
PMID 24718908

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関: basilar、basilaris、juxtaposition、proximal portion、proximal region、proximally、proximate、stem