WordNet

a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt; "they applied for an extension of the loan"
an educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who are not enrolled as regular students (同)extension service, university extension
amount or degree or range to which something extends; "the wire has an extension of 50 feet" (同)lengthiness, prolongation
an additional telephone set that is connected to the same telephone line (同)telephone extension, extension phone
act of expanding in scope; making more widely available; "extension of the program to all in need"
act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb
a string of characters beginning with a period and followed by one or more letters; the optional second part of a PC computer filename; "most applications provide extensions for the files they create"; "most BASIC files use the filename extension .BAS" (同)filename extension, file name extension
the ability to raise the working leg high in the air; "the dancer was praised for her uncanny extension"; "good extension comes from a combination of training and native ability"
used of the first or originating agent; "prime mover"
the time of maturity when power and vigor are greatest (同)prime of life
a number that has no factor but itself and 1 (同)prime quantity
the second canonical hour; about 6 a.m.
cover with a primer; apply a primer to (同)ground, undercoat
being at the best stage of development; "our manhoods prime vigor"- Robert Browning (同)meridian
fill with priming liquid; "prime a car engine"
insert a primer into (a gun, mine, or charge) preparatory to detonation or firing; "prime a cannon"; "prime a mine"
of or relating to or being an integer that cannot be factored into other integers; "prime number"
assume a prim appearance; "They mince and prim"
dress primly (同)prim up, prim out
contract ones lips; "She primmed her lips after every bite of food"
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〈U〉〈C〉(…を)『拡大』(延長)『すること』,(…が)拡大(延長)されること《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉拡大(延長)された部分(物) / 〈C〉(電話の)内線
(重要さ・価値などにおいて)『首位の』,『主要な』 / 『最上等の』,最高品質の / (数が)素数の;公約数のない / 〈U〉《the ~》(…の)『全盛期』・最盛期・青春・盛り《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the ~》《文》(…の)初期,初め《+『of』+『名』》 / =prime number / 〈旧式の火器〉‘に'火薬を詰める / 〈ポンプ〉‘に'呼び水をする / 〈キャブレター〉‘に'燃料を入れる / 〈画面・壁など〉‘に'下塗りする / (…を)〈人〉‘に'前もって教え込む《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / 《話》(飲食物を)〈人〉‘に'詰め込む《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》
きちんとした / (女性が)取り澄ました
(…についての)手引き,入門書《+『of』+『名』(『how句』)》
〈C〉雷管,導火線 / 〈U〉〈C〉下塗り塗料

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/21 14:57:38」(JST)

wiki en

Overview of the primer extension. Transcript of interest has uracil at +1 (unknown before assay). 2) Synthesize an 5’ end-labeled primer (using [γ32P] ATP. 3) Make cDNA by extending primer with reverse transcriptase to 5’-end of transcript. 4) Result is a radioactively labeled extended primer cDNA that is denatured and separated on a polyacrylamide gel and detected by autoradiography. Typically, a sequencing ladder using the same primer is also on the gel, allowing for rapid identification of the +1 nucleotide (shown in purple.)

Primer extension is a technique whereby the 5' ends of RNA can be mapped.

Primer extension can be used to determine the start site of RNA transcription (the end site cannot be determined by this method) by which its sequence is known. This technique requires a radiolabelled primer (usually 20 - 50 nucleotides in length) which is complementary to a region near the 3' end of the mRNA. The primer is allowed to anneal to the RNA and reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize cDNA from the RNA until it reaches the 5' end of the RNA. By denaturing the hybrid and using the extended primer cDNA as a marker on an electrophoretic gel, it is possible to determine the transcriptional start site. It is usually done so by comparing its location on the gel with the DNA sequence (e.g. Sanger sequencing), preferably by using the same primer on the DNA template strand. The exact nucleotide by which the transcription starts at can be pinpointed by matching the labelled extended primer with the marker nucleotide, who are both sharing the same migration distance on the gel.

Primer extension offers an alternative to a nuclease protection assay (S1 nuclease mapping) for quantifying and mapping RNA transcripts. The hybridization probe for primer extension is a synthesized oligonucleotide, whereas S1 mapping requires isolation of a DNA fragment. Both methods provide information where a mRNA starts and provide an estimate of the concentration of a transcript by the intensity of the transcript band on the resulting autoradiograph. Unlike S1 mapping, however, primer extension can only be used to locate the 5’-end of an mRNA transcript because the DNA synthesis required for the assay relies on reverse transcriptase (only polymerizes in the 5’ → 3’ direction).

Primer extension is unaffected by splice sites and is thus preferable in situations where intervening splice sites prevent S1 mapping. Finally, primer extension is more accurate than S1 mapping because the S1 nuclease used in S1 mapping can “nibble off” ends of the RNA-DNA hybrid or fail to degrade the single-stranded regions completely, making a transcript either appear shorter or longer.

References

http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc568/primer_extension.htm
https://www.nationaldiagnostics.com/electrophoresis/article/primer-extension
Shenk, T. E., C. Rhodes, P. W. J. Rigby, and P. Berg. “Biochemical Procedure for Production of Small Deletions in Simian Virus 40 DNA.” Proccedings of the National Academy of Sciences 72.4 (1975): 1392-396. Print.

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Characterization of Interstrand DNA-DNA Cross-Links Derived from Abasic Sites Using Bacteriophage ϕ29 DNA Polymerase.

Yang Z1, Price NE1, Johnson KM1, Gates KS1.
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Japanese Journal

Novel multiplexed genotyping of human papillomavirus using a VeraCode-allele-specific primer extension method

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NAID 40019212409

プライマー伸長反応を使用した遺伝子組換え大豆の発色定量法

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NAID 110007700653