変形赤血球、奇形赤血球

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/13 14:30:36」(JST)

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Poikilocytosis refers to the presence of poikilocytes in the blood. Poikilocytes are abnormally shaped red blood cells^[1] as seen on a blood film in humans and many wild and domestic species of animals, though they are common in some clinically normal small ruminants, particularly goats.

Normal red blood cells are round, flattened disks that are thinner in the middle than at the edges. A poikilocyte is an abnormally shaped cell.^[2] Generally, poikilocytosis can refer to an increase in abnormal red blood cells of any shape where they make up 10% or more of the total population.

Types

Human red blood cells showing poikilocytosis

Membrane abnormalities

Acanthocytes or Spur/Spike cells
Codocytes or Target cells
Echinocytes and Burr cells
Elliptocytes and Ovalocytes
Spherocytes
Stomatocytes or Mouth cells
Drepanocytes or Sickle Cells
Degmacytes or "bite cells"

Trauma

Dacrocytes or Teardrop Cells
Keratocytes
Microspherocytes and Pyropoikilocytes
Schistocytes
Semilunar bodies

Treatment

In all cases, the treatment of poikilocytosis depends on its cause. For example, poikilocytosis can be caused by a vitamin deficiency (e.g. Vitamin B12 or folic acid), in which case the treatment is to replenish the deficient vitamin. It can be caused by a digestive disease, such as celiac disease, in which case the solution may lie in treating the underlying celiac disease so that nutrients can be properly absorbed.

Etymology

The term derives from poikilos (ποικίλος), which means "varied" in Ancient Greek.^[3]^[4]

References

^ "poikilocyte" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Barbara J. Bain (2006). Blood cells: a practical guide. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 71–. ISBN 978-1-4051-4265-6. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
^ (Greek) Triantafyllidis Online Lexicon, ποικιλόθερμος, Retrieved on 2007-01-12
^ "poikilo-". Wiktionary. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

English Journal

Iron deficiency anemia, beta-thalassemia minor, and anemia of chronic disease: a morphologic reappraisal.

Harrington AM, Ward PC, Kroft SH.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
American journal of clinical pathology.Am J Clin Pathol.2008 Mar;129(3):466-71.
We observed increased numbers of an infrequently referenced poikilocyte, the prekeratocyte, in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) compared with beta-thalassemia minor and anemia of chronic disease (ACD) and, therefore, chose to quantify these cells and other morphologic features in these anemias. Prekerat
PMID 18285271

Effects of dietary cysteine on blood sulfur amino acid, glutathione, and malondialdehyde concentrations in cats.

Fettman MJ, Valerius KD, Ogilvie GK, Bedwell CL, Richardson KL, Walton JA, Hamar DW.SourceDepartment of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1671, USA.
American journal of veterinary research.Am J Vet Res.1999 Mar;60(3):328-33.
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of dietary cysteine on blood sulfur amino acids (SAA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in cats.ANIMALS: 12 healthy adult cats.PROCEDURE: Cats were fed diets with a nominal (0.50 g/100 g dry matter [DM]),
PMID 10188815

Hemoglobin types, erythrocyte membrane skeleton and plasma iron concentration in calves with poikilocytosis.

Okabe J, Tajima S, Yamato O, Inaba M, Hagiwara S, Maede Y.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.J Vet Med Sci.1996 Jul;58(7):629-34.
The pathogenesis of poikilocytosis in calves was investigated. Nine calves 1 to 2 months old exhibiting poikilocytosis (poikilocytic calves), were examined. The proportion of poikilocytes in their blood was more than 70% in two calves (severely poikilocytic), while it averaged 30% in the remaining s
PMID 8844598

Japanese Journal

デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィｰでは赤血球膜脆弱性が存在する

松村剛,高橋正紀,中森雅之,齊藤利雄,野崎園子,藤村晴俊,神野進
臨床神経学 : CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 44(10), 695-698, 2004-10-01
NAID 10014044846

奇形赤血球を呈した子ウシにおけるヘモグロビンタイプ, 赤血球膜蛋白構成および血漿鉄濃度

岡部潤,田島茂行,大和修,稲葉睦,萩原紳太郎,前出吉光
The journal of veterinary medical science 58(7), 629-634, 1996-07-25
軽症(奇形赤血球率30%前後)および重症(同70%以上)の奇形赤血球症を呈した9頭の1〜2ヶ月齢の子ウシについてその原因を検討した. 血漿鉄濃度は, 重症牛1頭を除く8頭全てが正常値の20〜30%に低下していた. このうち, 軽症牛7頭では加齢とともに血漿鉄が正常化するにつれて奇形赤血球が減少したが, 重症牛1頭では血漿鉄が正常化した後も高い奇形赤血球率を示した. イオン交換カラムクロマトグラフィ …
NAID 110003916571

急性経過を示した,いわゆるmyeloproliferative syndromeの1例

上田英雄,井上清,山口潜,斎藤昌三,杉下靖郎
日本内科学会雑誌 54(1), 42-47, 1965
… 入院.入院時顔面浮腫状,貧血著明,表在リンパ節腫脹(-).静脈雑音,貧血性心雑音を聴取,肝1横指触知.脾腫(-),腹水(-).入院時末梢血液像:血色素量27%の正色性正球性貧血,赤血球大小不同(+),奇形赤血球(±), tear drop poikilocyte(-),赤芽球(-),網赤血球0.6%,栓球数6.8×103,白血球数1,800,白血球像で少数の骨髄芽球,好中性前骨髄球認めた.白血球a1-P-ase値上昇.骨髄穿刺は繰り返し胸骨,腸骨で行なうも穿刺液を得ること極めて困難.腸骨後上棘 …
NAID 130000883422