WordNet

not capable of being reversed or returned to the original condition; "permanent brain damage"
continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place; "permanent secretary to the president"; "permanent address"; "literature of permanent value" (同)lasting
early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum; a liquid-filled sphere whose wall is composed of a single layer of cells; during this stage (about eight days after fertilization) implantation in the wall of the uterus occurs (同)blastosphere

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1. 心房細動の概要 overview of atrial fibrillation
2. 副伝導路が関与する房室回帰性頻拍（AVRT） atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia avrt associated with an accessory pathway
3. 発作性心房細動 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
4. 小児における上室性頻脈：房室回帰性頻拍（WPW症候群）および房室結節回帰性頻拍 supraventricular tachycardia in children av reentrant tachycardia including wpw and av nodal reentrant tachycardia
5. Permanent cardiac pacing: Indications

VegT, eFGF and Xbra cause overall posteriorization while Xwnt8 causes eye-level restricted posteriorization in synergy with chordin in early Xenopus development.

Fujii H1, Sakai M, Nishimatsu S, Nohno T, Mochii M, Orii H, Watanabe K.
Development, growth & differentiation.Dev Growth Differ.2008 Mar;50(3):169-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.2008.01014.x.
We examined several candidate posterior/mesodermal inducing molecules using permanent blastula-type embryos (PBEs) as an assay system. Candidate molecules were injected individually or in combination with the organizer factor chordin mRNA. Injection of chordin alone resulted in a white hemispherical
PMID 18318733

Sp-Smad2/3 mediates patterning of neurogenic ectoderm by nodal in the sea urchin embryo.

Yaguchi S1, Yaguchi J, Burke RD.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2007 Feb 15;302(2):494-503. Epub 2006 Oct 10.
Nodal functions in axis and tissue specification during embryogenesis. In sea urchin embryos, Nodal is crucial for specification of oral ectoderm and is thought to pattern neurogenesis in the animal plate. To determine if Nodal functions directly in suppressing neuron differentiation we have prepare
PMID 17101124

Cytoplasmic and molecular reconstruction of Xenopus embryos: synergy of dorsalizing and endo-mesodermalizing determinants drives early axial patterning.

Katsumoto K1, Arikawa T, Doi JY, Fujii H, Nishimatsu S, Sakai M.
Development (Cambridge, England).Development.2004 Mar;131(5):1135-44.
Ablation of vegetal cytoplasm from newly fertilized Xenopus eggs results in the development of permanent blastula-type embryos (PBEs). PBEs cleave normally and develop into a very simple tissue consisting only of atypical epidermis. We tried to restore complete embryonic development in PBEs by cytop
PMID 14973279

THE CELL DEATH OF XENOPUS PERMANENT BLASTULA-TYPE EMBRYOS(Developmental Biology,Abstracts of papers presented at the 76^<th> Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan)

REGULATION OF GENE EXRESSION IN XENOPUS PERMANENT BLASTULA-TYPE EMBRYOS(Developmental Biology,Abstracts of papers presented at the 76^<th> Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan)

Chromosome Number of Sea Urchin Andromerogones during Early Development(Genetics)

Saotome Kyoko
Zoological science 16(1), 87-92, 1999-02-15
… Though their development tended to be slower compared with that of control whole embryos after hatching, most of them developed into larvae and the remainder developed as permanent blastulae. … The rate of cells having a haploid chromosome number of 21 was 73% at the two cell stage, 84% at the 8 cell stage, 75% at the morula stage, 76% at the hatching blastula stage and 87% at the swimming blastula stage, while that of cells having a diploid number of 42 was 2% if averaged out for total cells examined. …
NAID 110003370295