WordNet
- that which has mass and occupies space; "physicists study both the nature of matter and the forces which govern it"
- a vaguely specified concern; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well" (同)affair, thing
- (used with negation) having consequence; "they were friends and it was no matter who won the games"
- a problem; "is anything the matter?"
- written works (especially in books or magazines); "he always took some reading matter with him on the plane"
- United States botanist who specialized in North American flora and who was an early supporter of Darwins theories of evolution (1810-1888) (同)Asa Gray
- English radiobiologist in whose honor the gray (the SI unit of energy for the absorbed dose of radiation) was named (1905-1965) (同)Louis Harold Gray
- American navigator who twice circumnavigated the globe and who discovered the Columbia River (1755-1806) (同)Robert Gray
- English poet best known for his elegy written in a country churchyard (1716-1771) (同)Thomas Gray
- the SI unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation; equal to the absorption of one joule of radiation energy by one kilogram of matter; one gray equals 100 rad (同)Gy
- a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black (同)grayness, grey, greyness
- a mixture of sulfides that forms when sulfide metal ores are smelted
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『物質』,物体(個体・液体のいづれの状態も含む) / 〈U〉《修飾語を伴って》…体,…質,…素 / 〈C〉(論議・関心の的となる)『事柄』,『問題』;(…に関わる)事,(…で決まる)問題《+『of』(まれ『for』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the~》(漠然と)(…にとって)困った事,やっかいな事,事故,支障《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈U〉『重大事』,重要性(importance),関心法 / 〈U〉(演説・論文などの)内容《+『of』++『名』》;(演説などの)題材《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語を伴って》…郵便物,…印刷物 / 〈U〉(傷口から出る)うみ(pus) / 『重要である』,大切である
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/09 16:45:04」(JST)
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- 1. 消失性白質疾患（Vanishing white matter disease） vanishing white matter disease
- 2. 進行性核上性麻痺（PSP） progressive supranuclear palsy psp
- 3. 視神経脊髄炎（NMO）とNMOスペクトラム障害 neuromyelitis optica nmo and nmo spectrum disorders
- 4. 慢性疼痛の定義および病因 definition and pathogenesis of chronic pain
- 5. 成人における片頭痛の病態生理、臨床症状、および診断 pathophysiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of migraine in adults
English Journal
- Maternal exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation affects the DNA methylation programming of rat's offspring: Modulation by folic acid supplementation.
- Toffoli LV1, Rodrigues GM Jr1, Oliveira JF2, Silva AS2, Moreira EG2, Pelosi GG2, Gomes MV3.Author information 1Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Brazil.2Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil.3Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Brazil. Electronic address: mvmgomes@gmail.com.AbstractFluoxetine is an antidepressant that has been largely used for treatment of depression in pregnancy. In the present study we evaluated the effects of the exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation on DNA methylation of rat brain regions. Female Wistar rats were treated with 5mg/kg of fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. In order to assess the effects of fluoxetine in the context of maternal folic acid supplementation we performed an additional combined treatment composed by folic acid (8mg/kg/day) and fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day). On the postnatal day 22, male rats were euthanized and hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray area were removed. Global DNA methylation was quantified using a high-throughput ELISA-based method. Neurofunctional changes were addressed using validated behavioral tests: hot plate, elevated plus maze and open field. A decrease in the global DNA methylation profile of hippocampus was associated to the exposure to fluoxetine, whereas an increase in methylation was observed in cortex. The combined treatment induced an increase in the methylation of hippocampus indicating the potential of folic acid to modulate this epigenetic alteration. Increase in the latency to the thermal nociceptive response was observed in animals exposed to fluoxetine whereas this effect was abolished in animals from the combined treatment. In summary we demonstrated that exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation affect the DNA methylation of brain and the nociceptive response of rats. Furthermore our data reveal the potential of folic acid to modulate epigenetic and functional changes induced by early exposure to fluoxetine.
- Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2014 May 15;265:142-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.031. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
- Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that has been largely used for treatment of depression in pregnancy. In the present study we evaluated the effects of the exposure to fluoxetine during gestation and lactation on DNA methylation of rat brain regions. Female Wistar rats were treated with 5mg/kg of fluo
- PMID 24583191
- Fibroblast growth factor deficiencies impact anxiety-like behavior and the serotonergic system.
- Brooks LR1, Enix CL2, Rich SC2, Magno JA2, Lowry CA2, Tsai PS2.Author information 1Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. Electronic address: leah.brooks@colorado.edu.2Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.AbstractSerotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) are organized in anatomically distinct subregions that form connections with specific brain structures to modulate diverse behaviors, including anxiety-like behavior. It is unclear if the functional heterogeneity of these neurons is coupled to their developmental heterogeneity, and if abnormal development of specific DR serotonergic subregions can permanently impact anxiety circuits and behavior. The goal of this study was to examine if deficiencies in different components of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling could preferentially impact the development of specific populations of DR serotonergic neurons to alter anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Wild-type and heterozygous male mice globally hypomorphic for Fgf8, Fgfr1, or both (Fgfr1/Fgf8) were tested in an anxiety-related behavioral battery. Both Fgf8- and Fgfr1/Fgf8-deficient mice display increased anxiety-like behavior as measured in the elevated plus-maze and the open-field tests. Immunohistochemical staining of a serotonergic marker, tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph), revealed reductions in specific populations of serotonergic neurons in the ventral, interfascicular, and ventrolateral/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray subregions of the DR in all Fgf-deficient mice, suggesting a neuroanatomical basis for increased anxiety-like behavior. Overall, this study suggests Fgf signaling selectively modulates the development of different serotonergic neuron subpopulations. Further, it suggests anxiety-like behavior may stem from developmental disruption of these neurons, and individuals with inactivating mutations in Fgf signaling genes may be predisposed to anxiety disorders.
- Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2014 May 1;264:74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.053. Epub 2014 Feb 7.
- Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) are organized in anatomically distinct subregions that form connections with specific brain structures to modulate diverse behaviors, including anxiety-like behavior. It is unclear if the functional heterogeneity of these neurons is coupled to th
- PMID 24512770
- Punishing unfairness: Rewarding or the organization of a reactively aggressive response?
- White SF1, Brislin SJ, Sinclair S, Blair JR.Author information 1Section on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.AbstractThe neural correlates of human cooperative behavior remain poorly understood. Previous work has suggested that increases in striatal activation while punishing unfair offers represents reward signaling. However, other regions are also implicated when punishing others, for example dorsomedial frontal cortex (dmFC), anterior insula cortex (AIC), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Moreover, the response of other regions implicated in signaling reward, for example ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) or posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), has not been systematically examined. Experimental Design: Functional magnetic resonance imaging utilizing parametric modulation was conducted on 21 healthy adults participating in a social exchange paradigm. Principal Observations: Participants showed significant positive modulation of activity as a function of delivered punishment in caudate, dmFC, AIC, and PAG; that is, higher punishments by participants of unsatisfactory offers were associated with increasing activity within these regions. However, participants showed significant negative modulation of activity as a function of delivered punishment in vmPFC and PCC; increases in punishment level by participants were associated with decreases in activity within these regions. Conclusions: The current data question whether caudate activity when punishing unfair offers should be considered to indicate the reward value of this punishment. Instead, this activity, in conjunction with activity within dmFC, AIC, and PAG, may represent the organization of an untypical, punishing response that represents a reactive aggressive response to provocation. Notably, an inverse, regulatory relationship between vmPFC and PAG activity has been previously implicated in the context of another stimulus for reactive aggression; looming threat (Mobbs et al. [2007]: Science 317:1079-1083). Hum Brain Mapp 35:2137-2147, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- Human brain mapping.Hum Brain Mapp.2014 May;35(5):2137-47. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22316. Epub 2013 Jul 19.
- The neural correlates of human cooperative behavior remain poorly understood. Previous work has suggested that increases in striatal activation while punishing unfair offers represents reward signaling. However, other regions are also implicated when punishing others, for example dorsomedial frontal
- PMID 23868733
Japanese Journal
- Differential effect of peripheral nerve injury on serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons in mouse periaqueductal gray matter
- 白川 賢宗,山口 重樹,國分 伸一,松澤 理恵,根本 興平,高薄 敏史,濱口 眞輔,北島 敏光,前川 正夫,堀 雄一
- Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 39(2), 142, 2012-07-25
- NAID 110009673656
- NMDA Component of the Excitatory Synaptic Transmission of Neurons Containing Serotonin or GABA in the Ventrolateral Subdivision of the Periaqueductal Gray Matter of Mouse
- Shirakawa Kenshu
- Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 39(1), 17-27, 2012-03-25
- … The midbrain periaqueductal gray( PAG) plays a crucial role in the descending pain modulating system.NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and serotonergic and GABAergic neurons have been identified in the PAG and are involved in the descending pain-modulating pathway. …
- NAID 110009005088
- Divergence Paralysis Caused by Acute Midbrain Infarction
- Tsuda Hiromasa,Shinozaki Yukiko,Tanaka Kozue,Ohashi Kazuteru
- Internal Medicine 51(22), 3169-3171, 2012
- … Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the presence of infarction in the left superior paramedian mesencephalic artery involving the vicinity of the periaqueductal gray matter. …
- NAID 130003307895
Related Links
- periaqueductal gray a core of gray matter nervous tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain. ... Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is ...
- Assessment | Biopsychology | Comparative | Cognitive | Developmental | Language | Individual... ... Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the "central gray") is the midbrain grey matter that is located around the cerebral aqueduct within the ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「中脳水道周囲灰白質」「PAG」 |
| 関連記事 | 「matter」「gray」「matt」「periaqueductal gray」 |
「中脳水道周囲灰白質」
「PAG」
「matter」
- n.
- 問題
- a matter of O
- ～の問題
- (数量名詞を伴って)(少なさを強調して)ほんの、わずか。
- ex. it usualy heals on its own in a matter of weeks.
「gray」
- n.
「matt」
- adj.
- 無光沢の、つや消しの