WordNet

widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground (同)peanut vine, Arachis_hypogaea
underground pod of the peanut vine
pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; `groundnut and `monkey nut are British terms (同)earthnut, goober, goober pea, groundnut, monkey_nut
a young child who is small for his age
an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen
an insignificant sum of money; a trifling amount; "her salary is peanuts compared to his"

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『落花生』,南京(なんきん)豆,ピーナッツ(《英》groundnut) / (1年草の)落花生;ピーナッツのさや / 《複数形で》《米俗》つまらない絹(物);ごく少額の金
凝集素(赤血球などの凝集反応を起こす抗体)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/01 21:17:10」(JST)

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Peanut Agglutinin complexed with a di-galactose. PDB entry 2dvd

Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is plant lectin protein derived from the fruits of Arachis hypogaea. Peanut agglutinin may also be referred to as Arachis hypogaea lectin. Lectins recognise and bind particular sugar sequences in carbohydrates; peanut agglutinin binds the carbohydrate sequence Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc. The name "peanut agglutinin" originates from its ability to stick together (agglutinate) cells, such as neuramidase-treated erythrocytes,^[1] which have glycoproteins or glycolipids on their surface which include the Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc carbohydrate sequence.

Structure

The protein is 273 amino acids in length with the first 23 residues acting and a signal peptide which is subsequently cleaved. It has a Uniprot accession of P02872. There are over 20 structures of this protein in the PDB which reveal and all beta-sheet protein with a tetrameric quaternary structure. It is a member of the Lectin_legB PFAM family.

Available Structures of peanut agglutinin

Uses in cell biology and biochemistry

Because peanut agglutinin specifically binds a particular carbohydrate sequence it finds use in a range of methods for cell biology and biochemistry. For example in PNA-affinity chromatography the binding specificity of peanut agglutinin is used to isolate glycosylated molecules which have the sugar sequence Gal-β(1-3)-GalNAc. Peanut agglutinin activity is inhibited by lactose and galactose which compete for the binding site.

Other uses include:

Potent anti-T cell activity.
Distinguishing between human lymphocyte subsets.
Tumour tissue determination for transitional mucosa malignancies.
Identification of mammalian-infective metacyclic promastigote Leishmania major parasites from other life cycle forms also found in the sandfly host.
Identification of the outer acrosome membrane in sperm, indicating acrosome integrity. ^[3]

References

^ "PNA specification sheet Medicago AB:" (PDF). Retrieved 2010 Mars 14. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Loris R, Casset F, Bouckaert J, et al. (December 1994). "The monosaccharide binding site of lentil lectin: an X-ray and molecular modelling study". Glycoconj. J. 11 (6): 507–17. doi:10.1007/bf00731301. PMID 7696853.
^ Blumer, Camile Garcia; Restelli, Adriana Ester; Giudice, Paula Toni Del; Soler, Thiesa Butterby; Fraietta, Renato; Nichi, Marcilio; Bertolla, Ricardo Pimenta; Cedenho, Agnaldo Pereira. "Effect of varicocele on sperm function and semen oxidative stress". BJU International 109 (2): 259–265. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10240.x.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. ピーナッツ　、木の実、および種子アレルギー：臨床的特徴 peanut tree nut and seed allergy clinical features
2. ピーナッツ　、木の実、および種子アレルギー：管理 peanut tree nut and seed allergy management
3. アレルギー疾患の一次予防：妊娠および授乳における母親の抗原摂取回避 primary prevention of allergic disease maternal avoidance diets in pregnancy and lactation
4. 小児期の食物アレルギー：有病割合、自然経過、および寛解までのモニタリング food allergy in children prevalence natural history and monitoring for resolution
5. 食物アレルギーに対する今後の治療法 future therapies for food allergy

English Journal

Design and synthesis of hydrolytically stable multivalent ligands bearing thiodigalactoside analogues for peanut lectin and human galectin-3 binding.

Cagnoni AJ, Kovensky J, Uhrig ML.
The Journal of organic chemistry.J Org Chem.2014 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a novel family of hydrolytically stable glycoclusters bearing thiodigalactoside (TDG) analogues as recognition elements of beta-galactoside binding lectins. The TDG analogue was synthesized by thioglycosylation of a 6-S-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosyl bromide
PMID 24937526

Lectin-decorated nanoparticles enhance binding to the inflamed tissue in experimental colitis.

Moulari B1, Beduneau A1, Pellequer Y1, Lamprecht A2.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.J Control Release.2014 Jun 6. pii: S0168-3659(14)00349-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.046. [Epub ahead of print]
A major limitation in the drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is the inability to deliver the drug selectively towards the inflamed tissues. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have led to an amelioration of the therapeutic selectivity but still the majority of the entrapped drug is
PMID 24910194

Characterization of the Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen of Leishmania donovani Clinical Isolates and Its Association with Antimony Resistance.

Tandon R1, Chandra S2, Baharia RK1, Das S1, Misra P1, Kumar A1, Siddiqi MI2, Sundar S3, Dube A4.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2014 Jun;58(6):2997-3007. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
Previously, through a proteomic analysis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was found to be overexpressed in the sodium antimony gluconate (SAG)-resistant clinical isolate compared to that in the SAG-sensitive clinical isolate of Leishmania donovani. The present study was designed to explore
PMID 24614385

Japanese Journal

Simultaneous evaluation of plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential in bovine spermatozoa by flow cytometry

Zygote, 1-8, 2015-09-15
NAID 120005740328

Effects of acrosomal conditions of frozen-thawed spermatozoa on the results of artificial insemination in Japanese Black cattle

Journal of Reproduction and Development 61(6), 519-524, 2015
NAID 130005113570

Effects of acrosomal conditions of frozen-thawed spermatozoa on the results of artificial insemination in Japanese Black cattle

Journal of Reproduction and Development advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130005093794

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ピーナッツ凝集素」「ピーナッツアグルチニン」
関連記事	「peanut」「agglutinin」

「ピーナッツ凝集素」

Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary

Legume lectin domain
	Structure of the monosaccharide binding site of lentil lectin.
Identifiers
Symbol	Lectin_legB
Pfam	PF00139
Pfam clan	CL0004
InterPro	IPR001220
PROSITE	PDOC00278
SCOP	1lem
SUPERFAMILY	1lem
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum	structure summary