WordNet

symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
infected and filled with pus; "an abscessed tooth"

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膿瘍(のうよう)(うんだできもの)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/08 18:23:05」(JST)

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Parapharyngeal abscess

Introduction

Parapharyngeal abscess is a deep neck abscess. It is also known as abscess of pharyngomaxillary or lateral pharyngeal space. Parapharyngeal abscess involve the parapharyngeal space.^[1] Parapharyngeal space is lateral to the superior pharyngeal constrictor and medial to the masseter muscle, this space is divided by styloid process into anterior and posterior compartment. This space contains the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, numerous nerves.^{[citation needed]}

Epidemiology

Both sex are equally affected Any age group can develop a parapheryngeal abscess but it is most commonly seen in children and adolescents.^[2] Immunocompromised adults are the high risk people.^[3]

Aetiology

Infection can occur from:

Pharynx: acute and chronic infection of tonsil and adenoids
Teeth: dental infection occurs from lower last molar tooth
Ear: bezold abscess and petrositis
Other space: infection of parotid retropharyngeal space
External trauma: penetrating injuries of neck, injection of local anaesthetic^[4]

Clinical features

Symptoms

Fever, sore throat, odynophagia (painful swallowing), swelling in neck.^{[citation needed]}

Signs

Anterior space abscess can cause trismus (spasm of jaw muscle) and hard mass formation along the angle of the mandible, with medial bulging of the tonsil and lateral pharyngeal wall. Posterior space abscess causes swelling in posterior pharyngeal wall. Trismus (spasm of jaw muscle) is minimal. Posterior abscess may involve structures within the carotid sheath, causing rigors, high fever, bacteremia, neurologic deficit, massive haemorrhage caused by carotid artery rupture.^[5]

References

^ https://radiopaedia.org/articles/parapharyngeal-abscess^{[full citation needed]}
^ Croche Santander, B.; Prieto Del Prado, A.; Madrid Castillo, M.D.; Neth, O.; Obando Santaella, I. (2011). "Abscesos retrofaríngeo y parafaríngeo: Experiencia en hospital terciario de Sevilla durante la última década" [Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess: experience in a tertiary-care center in Seville during the last decade]. Anales de Pediatría. 75 (4): 266–72. doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.03.010. PMID 21531183.
^ Alaani, A.; Griffiths, H.; Minhas, S. S.; Olliff, J.; Drake Lee, A. B. (2004). "Parapharyngeal abscess: Diagnosis, complications and management in adults". European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 262 (4): 345–50. doi:10.1007/s00405-004-0800-6. PMID 15235797.
^ Dhingra, PL (2014). Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgeries (6th ed.). Elsiver. ISBN 978-81-312-3431-0. ^{[page needed]}
^ http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/oral-and-pharyngeal-disorders/parapharyngeal-abscess^{[full citation needed]}

UpToDate Contents

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1. 深頸部の感染症 deep neck space infections
2. 扁桃の蜂巣炎および膿瘍 peritonsillar cellulitis and abscess
3. 小児における後咽頭部感染 retropharyngeal infections in children
4. 成人における急性咽頭炎の評価 evaluation of acute pharyngitis in adults
5. 成人における化膿性耳下腺炎 suppurative parotitis in adults

English Journal

NF-κB1 Haploinsufficiency Causing Immunodeficiency and EBV-Driven Lymphoproliferation.

Boztug H1, Hirschmugl T2, Holter W1, Lakatos K1, Kager L1, Trapin D3, Pickl W3, Förster-Waldl E4, Boztug K5,6,7,8.
Journal of clinical immunology.J Clin Immunol.2016 Aug;36(6):533-40. doi: 10.1007/s10875-016-0306-1. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
PURPOSE: NF-κB signaling is critically important for regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. While activation of NF-κB has been implicated in malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma, loss-of-function mutations affecting different NF-κB pathway components have been shown to cau
PMID 27338827

Endoscopic ultrasound guided transoral drainage of parapharyngeal abscess.

Balekuduru A1, Dutta A2, Subbaraj SB1.
Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.Dig Endosc.2016 Jul 14. doi: 10.1111/den.12696. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 27411396

Tigecycline use in the outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy setting.

Ingram PR1,2, Rawlins MD3, Murray RJ4,5,6, Roberts JA7,8, Manning L9,10.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2016 Jun 20. [Epub ahead of print]
In the context of globally increasing antimicrobial resistance, tigecycline appears to be a useful therapeutic option. The need for prolonged courses for complex infections has prompted consideration of its use via outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programmes, although clinical outcome
PMID 27325439

Japanese Journal

小児頸部膿瘍の臨床的検討

古瀬寛子,大塚康司,長谷川達哉 [他],河口幸江,本橋玲,野本剛輝,井谷茂人,鈴木衞
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 104(5), 379-386, 2011-05-01
… Pediatric neck-abscess incidence has decreased thanks to early treatment using antibiotics, but diagnosis remains difficult due to varied clinical symptoms and a lack of subjective complaints. … Neck abscesses were found in 4 patients in the retropharyngeal space and parapharyngeal space, 2 patients in the submandibular space, retrocervical space, thyroid glands, and peritonsillar space, plus 3 miscellaneous. …
NAID 10027972710

溶連菌感染後に副咽頭間隙の感染をきたした2例

大塚雄一郎
小児耳鼻咽喉科 32(1), 17-22, 2011-03-01
NAID 10028052247

ガス産生を伴う深頸部膿瘍の4例

竹林慎治,山西美映,池田浩己 [他],芝埜彰,三浦誠
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 102(11), 983-990, 2009-11-01
… Cases of deep neck abscess have decreased thanks to the use of antibiotics, but remain life-threatening and potentially mortal when gas forms. … We report four cases of gas-forming deep neck abscess—one each in the region of submandibular bone, the submandibular space, the parapharyngeal space, and in the thyroid gland. … We therefore recommend prompt surgical drainage if CT detects a gas-forming abscess. …
NAID 10025527548

Related Pictures

Neuroradiology On the Net: Parapharyngeal abscess Parapharyngeal abscess: diagnosis and treatment | SpringerLink CT scan of parapharyngeal abscess Parapharyngeal Abscess - YouTube Tonsillitis Understood: Complications of Tonsillitis: Peritonsillar, Retropharyngeal deep neck space infections