outer nuclear layer

外顆粒層

WordNet

1. reveal (something) about somebodys identity or lifestyle; "The gay actor was outed last week"; "Someone outed a CIA agent"
2. (baseball) a failure by a batter or runner to reach a base safely in baseball; "you only get 3 outs per inning"
3. be made known; be disclosed or revealed; "The truth will out" (同)come_out
4. away from home; "they went out last night"
5. directed outward or serving to direct something outward; "the out doorway"; "the out basket"
6. moving or appearing to move away from a place, especially one that is enclosed or hidden; "the cat came out from under the bed";
7. no longer fashionable; "that style is out these days"
8. not allowed to continue to bat or run; "he was tagged out at second on a close play"; "he fanned out"
9. not worth considering as a possibility; "a picnic is out because of the weather"
10. out of power; especially having been unsuccessful in an election; "now the Democrats are out"
11. outer or outlying; "the out islands"
12. outside or external; "the out surface of a ships hull"
13. prepare or position for action or operation; "lay a fire"; "lay the foundation for a new health care plan"
14. put in a horizontal position; "lay the books on the table"; "lay the patient carefully onto the bed" (同)put down, repose
15. impose as a duty, burden, or punishment; "lay a responsibility on someone"
16. lay eggs; "This hen doesnt lay"
17. not of or from a profession; "a lay opinion as to the cause of the disease"
18. of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; "nuclear physics"; "nuclear fission"; "nuclear forces"
19. (weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy; "nuclear war"; "nuclear weapons"; "atomic bombs" (同)atomic
20. constituting or like a nucleus; "annexation of the suburban fringe by the nuclear metropolis"; "the nuclear core of the congregation"
21. of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell; "nuclear membrane"; "nuclear division"
22. make or form a layer; "layer the different colored sands"
23. single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; "slices of hard-boiled egg on a bed of spinach" (同)bed
24. a hen that lays eggs
25. thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
26. a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another
27. located outside; "outer reality"
28. being on or toward the outside of the body; "the outer ear"
29. being on the outside or further from a center; "spent hours adorning the outer man"; "the outer suburbs"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (ある位置・状態から)『外へ』(『で』),外出して;戸外に;外国に / (隠れた所から表面に)『現れ出て』;世に出て;発表されて;(花・葉などが)出て来て,咲いて / 『無くなって』,消えて;終わって;流行遅れの,すたれた / 『最後まで』,すっかり / 大声で,はっきりと,隠さずに / (政権・現職から)離れて,去って / 仕事を休んで;ストライキをやって / (調子が)狂って,乱れて,(関節などが)はずれて;まちがって;損をして / (野球・クリケットで)アウトになって(ボクシングで)ノックアウトになって / 支配権を失った,政権から離れた / (野球・クリケットで打者・走者が)アウトになった / (衣服などが)並はずれて大きい,特大の / 遠く離れた / 《米》…から[外に(を)] / 《米》…に沿って外へ,のはずれに / (野球・クリケットで)アウト;《the outs》守備測 / 《複数形で》失業者 / 《米話》言い訳,口実 / ばれる,露見する / 出て行け
2. 《場所の副詞[句]を伴って》‘を'『置く』,横たえる / ‘を'『きちんと置く』(並べる),〈土台など〉‘を'すえる,〈鉄道など〉‘を'敷設する / …‘を'『用意する』,準備する / (…に)〈身体の一部〉‘を'置く,つける《+『名』+『on』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈信頼・愛情〉‘を'置く,寄せる,託す;〈強調・重要性など〉‘を'置く《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 〈ほこり・波・風など〉‘を'押さえる,〈恐れ亡霊など〉‘を'静める,なだめる / 〈卵〉‘を'産む / 〈かけ〉‘を'する;(…に)〈金〉‘を'かける《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)〈税・罰金・義務など〉‘を'課する,〈重荷・責任など〉‘を'負わせる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈悪事など〉‘を'(…の)せいにする《+『名』+『against』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《状態を表す副詩[句]を伴って》(特によくない状態に)…‘を'『置く』,する / (…に)〈権利の主張・報告など〉‘を'提出する,申し出る《+『名』+『before』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…で)…‘の'表面をおおう《+『名』+『with』+『名』》;(…に)…‘を'広げる《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 卵を産む / 位置,配置,地形,地勢
3. lieの過去形
4. (歌うために書かれた)短い物語詩 / 《詩》(一般に)歌,調べ
5. (僧職にある人に対して)俗人の / (専門家に対して)しろうとの,門外漢の
6. 『核の』,細胞核の / [『原子』]『核の』
7. 《複合語を作って》(物を)積む人(物),置く人(物) / 卵を産む鶏・層;(ペンキなどの)一塗り;一皮 / (園芸で)取り木 / …‘を'層にする / 〈植物〉‘を'取り木する
8. 外に,外側の,外部の / 中心から遠い

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/19 15:38:33」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Outer nuclear layer
Section of retina. (Outer nuclear layer labeled at right, fourth from the bottom.)
Plan of retinal neurons. (Outer nuclear layer labeled at left, third from the bottom.)
Details
Latin	stratum nucleare externum retinae
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1016
Dorlands /Elsevier	l_05/12480791
TA	A15.2.04.012
FMA	58684
Anatomical terminology

The outer nuclear layer (or layer of outer granules or external nuclear layer), is one of the layers of the vertebrate retina, the light-detecting portion of the eye. Like the inner nuclear layer, the outer nuclear layer contains several strata of oval nuclear bodies; they are of two kinds, viz.: rod and cone granules, so named on account of their being respectively connected with the rods and cones of the next layer.

Rod granules

The spherical rod granules are much the more numerous, and are placed at different levels throughout the layer.

Their nuclei present a peculiar cross-striped appearance, and prolonged from either extremity of each cell is a fine process; the outer process is continuous with a single rod of the layer of rods and cones; the inner ends in the outer plexiform layer in an enlarged extremity, and is imbedded in the tuft into which the outer processes of the rod bipolar cells break up.

In its course it presents numerous varicosities.

Cone granules

The stem-like cone granules, fewer in number than the rod granules, are placed close to the membrana limitans externa, through which they are continuous with the cones of the layer of rods and cones.

They do not present any cross-striation, but contain a pyriform nucleus, which almost completely fills the cell.

From the inner extremity of the granule a thick process passes into the outer plexiform layer, and there expands into a pyramidal enlargement or foot plate, from which are given off numerous fine fibrils, that come in contact with the outer processes of the cone bipolars.

References

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

External links

• Histology image: 08008loa — Histology Learning System at Boston University
• Histology image: 07902loa — Histology Learning System at Boston University

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Correlation with OCT and histology of photocoagulation lesions in patients and rabbits.

• Koinzer S, Saeger M, Hesse C, Portz L, Kleemann S, Schlott K, Brinkmann R, Roider J.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Kiel, Kiel, GermanyInstitute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, GermanyMedical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Lübeck, Germany.
• Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2013 Dec;91(8):e603-11. doi: 10.1111/aos.12188. Epub 2013 May 29.
• Purpose:  To examine spectral domain optical coherence tomographic (OCT) and histological images from comparable retinal photocoagulation lesions in rabbits, and to correlate these images with comparable OCT images from patients. Methods:  508 rabbit lesions were examined by HE-stained paraffin hi
• PMID 23718709

• Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings at each stage of punctate inner choroidopathy.

• Zhang X, Zuo C, Li M, Chen H, Huang S, Wen F.SourceState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
• Ophthalmology.Ophthalmology.2013 Dec;120(12):2678-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.05.012. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
• PURPOSE: To describe the natural course of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).DESIGN: Prospective observational case series.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two consecutive patients (60 eyes) with PIC with at least 3 months of follow-up.METHODS: Serial
• PMID 23769333

• Response to anti-VEGF therapy in patients with subretinal fluid and pigment epithelial detachment on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

• Ersoy L, Ristau T, Kirchhof B, Liakopoulos S.SourceCologne Image Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 92, 50924, Cologne, Germany, lebriz.ersoy@uk-koeln.de.
• Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2013 Nov 26. [Epub ahead of print]
• PURPOSE: To analyse the long-term functional and morphological response of a specific choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) phenotype to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.METHODS: Data from 30 eyes of 30 consecutive patients with subretinal fluid (SRF) and fibrovascular pigment e
• PMID 24271025

Japanese Journal

• Outer-Sphere Extraction of Uranyl(VI) from HNO3(aq) to 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Nonafluorobutanesulfonate Ionic Liquid: Towards Decontamination of Uranium Wastes

• Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 88(12), 1746-1751, 2015
• NAID 130005113815

• Outer-Sphere Extraction of Uranyl(VI) from HNO3(aq) to 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Nonafluorobutanesulfonate Ionic Liquid −Towards Decontamination of Uranium Wastes−

• Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan advpub(0), 2015
• NAID 130005097911

• Deferiprone Protects against Photoreceptor Degeneration Induced by Tunicamycin in the Rat Retina

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(7), 1076-1080, 2015
• NAID 130005086290

Related Links

• Outer nuclear layer - definition of Outer nuclear layer by The ...

lay·er (lā′ər) n. 1. a. One that lays: a tile layer. b. A hen kept for laying eggs. 2. a. A single thickness of a material covering a surface or forming an overlying part or segment: a layer of dust on the windowsill; a cake with four layers.

• Outer nuclear layer | definition of outer nuclear layer by ...

outer nuclear layer [TA] the layer of the retina containing the cell bodies of the rods and cones. Synonym(s): stratum nucleare externum [TA] outer nuclear layer The layer of the retina containing the nuclei of the visual receptor cells ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「網膜」「外顆粒層」
関連記事	「nuclear」「outer」「lay」「layer」「layered」

「網膜」

　　[★]

英

retina

関

眼、眼球

• 図：SP.275,

組織学

• 10層よりなる (SP.275)

構造	層		細胞体
脈絡膜
網膜
1	色素上皮層		色素上皮細胞	pigment epithelium cell
2	杆体錐体層	rod and cone layer
3	外境界膜
4	外顆粒層	outer nuclear layer	視細胞	photoreceptor
5	外網状層	outer plexiform layer
6	内顆粒層	inner nuclear layer	双極細胞	bipolar cell
			水平細胞	horizontal cell
			アマクリン細胞	amacrine cell
7	内網状層	inner plexiform layer
8	神経節細胞層	ganglion cell layer	神経節細胞	ganglion cell
9	神経線維層	optic nerve fiber layer
10	内境界膜

• 視細胞層(外顆粒層)には以下の細胞が存在

• 杆状体細胞　明暗　ロドプシン　　rhodopsin　＝　オプシン(opsin)　　　　　＋　レチナール(retinal)
• 錐状体細胞　色覚　ヨードプシン　iodopsin　＝　フォトプシン(photopsin)　＋　レチナール(retinal)

• 感覚網膜(神経上皮)　＋　網膜色素上皮　の２つの上皮からなる。

臨床関連

• 黄斑変性症
• 網脈絡膜変性疾患

• 網膜色素変性症

「外顆粒層」

　　[★]

英

(大脳皮質)external granular layer、(網膜)outer nuclear layer

「nuclear」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 核の、(生物)細胞核の、(物理)原子核の

関

cell nuclei、cell nucleus、nuclei、nucleo、nucleus

　 　 　 　 　

「outer」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 外側の

関

external、externally、lateral、laterale、lateralis、laterally、outside

　 　 　 　

「lay」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 横たえる、横臥させる

関

lie、recumbent

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「layer」

　　[★]

• n.

• 層

関

laminar、strata、stratum、tier

　 　 　 　 　 　

「layered」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 層状の

関

lamellar、laminar、layering、stratiform