関: olfactory portion

WordNet

select (a team or individual player) for a game; "The Buckeyes fielded a young new quarterback for the Rose Bowl"
the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it (同)field of force, force_field
a particular kind of commercial enterprise; "they are outstanding in their field" (同)field_of_operation, line of business
a region in which active military operations are in progress; "the army was in the field awaiting action"; "he served in the Vietnam theater for three years" (同)field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations
the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) (同)field of view
(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1; "the set of all rational numbers is a field"
a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found; "the diamond fields of South Africa"
a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed; "he planted a field of wheat"
all of the horses in a particular horse race
all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected; "anthropologists do much of their work in the field"
answer adequately or successfully; "The lawyer fielded all questions from the press"
catch or pick up (balls) in baseball or cricket
play as a fielder
of or relating to olfaction (同)olfactive
(baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『野原』,[牧]草地;田;畑;《the fields》田野,田畑 / 〈C〉(雪・氷などの)原,広がり / 〈C〉(鉱物などの)産出地,埋蔵地 / 〈C〉『戦場』(battlefield);戦闘(battle) / 〈C〉(スポーツの)『競技場』;(陸上のトラックに対して)フィールド / 〈C〉(ある用途の)場,地面 / 〈C〉(研究・活動などの)『分野』,領域 / 《the~》現地 / 〈C〉(電気・磁気などの)場;(レンズの)視界 / 〈C〉(絵・旗などの)地,下地 / 《the~》《集合的に》(キツネ狩り・競技の)参加者;(競馬の)出走馬;(野球の)守備選手 / (野球・クリケットで)〈打球〉‘を'さばく / 〈選手〉‘を'出場させる,守備につける / (野球・クリケットで)野手をつとめる
嗅覚(きゅうかく)の / 嗅覚器官,鼻
(軽べつ・非難を表して)ええっ,まあ

UpToDate Contents

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1. 味覚および嗅覚障害の解剖学および病因 anatomy and etiology of taste and smell disorders
2. 頭頸部腫瘍の病理 pathology of head and neck neoplasms
3. 成人における転換性障害：用語、診断および鑑別診断 conversion disorder in adults terminology diagnosis and differential diagnosis
4. 嗅神経芽細胞腫（鼻腔神経芽細胞腫） olfactory neuroblastoma esthesioneuroblastoma
5. 味覚および嗅覚障害の評価および治療 evaluation and treatment of taste and smell disorders

English Journal

Esthesioneuroblastoma: updating histologic grading as it relates to prognosis.

Gallagher KK1, Spector ME, Pepper JP, McKean EL, Marentette LJ, McHugh JB.Author information 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.AbstractOBJECTIVE: The Hyams grading system has been extensively used to predict prognosis in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). However, most studies showing prognostic correlation group grading into I/II versus III/IV, essentially comparing low versus high grade. In addition, these studies include patients with variable treatment regimens, including some that were treated with chemoradiation alone. We aimed to determine whether additional histologic variables correlate with outcome with regard to disease free and overall survival in a series of patients universally treated with anterior skull base resection and +/- adjuvant chemoradiation.
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.2014 May;123(5):353-8. doi: 10.1177/0003489414526368. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
OBJECTIVE: The Hyams grading system has been extensively used to predict prognosis in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). However, most studies showing prognostic correlation group grading into I/II versus III/IV, essentially comparing low versus high grade. In addition, these studies include
PMID 24668054

Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed lectin in traps for the capture of Aedes aegypti eggs and adults under semi-field conditions.

de Lima Santos ND1, da Silva Paixão K, Napoleão TH, Trindade PB, Pinto MR, Coelho LC, Eiras AE, Navarro DM, Paiva PM.Author information 1Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.AbstractThe water-soluble lectin isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL) is a larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-stimulating agent against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. This study investigated the effect of WSMoL in traps for the capture of A. aegypti eggs and adult females under semi-field conditions and determined whether gravid females could detect WSMoL by an olfactory response. WSMoL was isolated according to a previously described procedure using chitin chromatography. The bioassays were performed in large cages (12.5 m(3)). Two traps for collection of eggs (ovitrap) or adult mosquitoes (MosquiTRAP(TM)) were placed in a cage. One was filled with WSMoL (0.1 mg/mL) and the other with tap water (negative control). An infusion of Panicum maximum leaves was used as a positive control. Forty gravid females were then released in each cage. After 2 (for oviposition) or 3 h (for female capture), the traps were removed, and the number of eggs or females was counted. An olfactometry assay was performed to investigate whether the effect of WSMoL on gravid females was linked to an olfactory response. WSMoL showed an oviposition-stimulating effect (65 ± 14 %) that was similar (p < 0.05) to that promoted by the P. maximum infusion (67 ± 11 %). The efficiency of MosquiTRAP(TM) in capturing gravid females was not increased by WSMoL. The olfactometry assay indicated that the response of females to WSMoL did not involve the stimulation of olfactory sensilla. WSMoL effectively captured eggs when used in ovitraps under semi-field conditions; this property, together with the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of this lectin, makes it an interesting candidate for A. aegypti control.
Parasitology research.Parasitol Res.2014 May;113(5):1837-42. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-3830-z. Epub 2014 Mar 7.
The water-soluble lectin isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL) is a larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-stimulating agent against Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. This study investigated the effect of WSMoL in traps for the capture of A. aegypti eggs and adult females under semi-f
PMID 24604386

Slow oscillations in the mouse hippocampus entrained by nasal respiration.

Yanovsky Y1, Ciatipis M, Draguhn A, Tort AB, Brankačk J.Author information 1Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany, and Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN 59056-450 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.AbstractDifferent types of network oscillations occur in different behavioral, cognitive, or vigilance states. The rodent hippocampus expresses prominent θ oscillations at frequencies between 4 and 12 Hz, which are superimposed by phase-coupled γ oscillations (30-100 Hz). These patterns entrain multineuronal activity over large distances and have been implicated in sensory information processing and memory formation. Here we report a new type of oscillation at near-θ frequencies (2-4 Hz) in the hippocampus of urethane-anesthetized mice. The rhythm is highly coherent with nasal respiration and with rhythmic field potentials in the olfactory bulb: hence, we called it hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations. Despite the similarity in frequency range, several features distinguish this pattern from locally generated θ oscillations: hippocampal respiration-induced oscillations have a unique laminar amplitude profile, are resistant to atropine, couple differently to γ oscillations, and are abolished when nasal airflow is bypassed by tracheotomy. Hippocampal neurons are entrained by both the respiration-induced rhythm and concurrent θ oscillations, suggesting a direct interaction between endogenous activity in the hippocampus and nasal respiratory inputs. Our results demonstrate that nasal respiration strongly modulates hippocampal network activity in mice, providing a long-range synchronizing signal between olfactory and hippocampal networks.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.J Neurosci.2014 Apr 23;34(17):5949-64. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5287-13.2014.
Different types of network oscillations occur in different behavioral, cognitive, or vigilance states. The rodent hippocampus expresses prominent θ oscillations at frequencies between 4 and 12 Hz, which are superimposed by phase-coupled γ oscillations (30-100 Hz). These patterns entrain multineuro
PMID 24760854