WordNet

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work; "he was hospitalized for extreme fatigue"; "growing fatigue was apparent from the decline in the execution of their athletic skills"; "weariness overcame her after twelve hours and she fell asleep" (同)weariness, tiredness
used of materials (especially metals) in a weakened state caused by long stress; "metal fatigue"
(always used with a modifier) boredom resulting from overexposure to something; "he was suffering from museum fatigue"; "after watching TV with her husband she had a bad case of football fatigue"; "the American public is experiencing scandal fatigue"; "po
of or relating to olfaction (同)olfactive
military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(心身の激しい)『疲労』疲れ / 〈C〉労働,労役,疲れさせるもの / 〈U〉(軍でのそうじ,料理などの)雑役 / 《複数形で》《米》(軍での)作業服 / …‘を'『疲労させる』
嗅覚(きゅうかく)の / 嗅覚器官,鼻

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/10 07:26:07」(JST)

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Olfactory fatigue, also known as odor fatigue or olfactory adaptation, is the temporary, normal inability to distinguish a particular odor after a prolonged exposure to that airborne compound.^[1] For example, when entering a restaurant initially the odor of food is often perceived as being very strong, but after time the awareness of the odor normally fades to the point where the smell is not perceptible or is much weaker. After leaving the area of high odor, the sensitivity is restored with time. Anosmia is the permanent loss of the sense of smell, and is different from olfactory fatigue.

It is a term commonly used in wine tasting, where one loses the ability to smell and distinguish wine bouquet after sniffing at wine(s) continuously for an extended period of time. The term is also used in the study of indoor air quality, for example, in the perception of odors from people, tobacco, and cleaning agents.

Olfactory fatigue is an example of neural adaptation or sensory adaptation. The body becomes desensitized to stimuli to prevent the overloading of the nervous system, thus allowing it to respond to new stimuli that are ‘out of the ordinary’.

Improving olfactory sense

Olfactometric method and clinical studies

Sachs mentions the earliest reference as old as early nineteenth century. The primitive stages in curing the condition in humans were through the clinical experiments. The Ellsberg method was one of the first to determine the threshold value for odorous substances. To date, his olfactometric method is known as one of the best methods to stimulate the threshold of olfactory senses and determine the decaying of the senses once there has been a continuous supply of same smell.

Rejuvenation through coffee

Some perfumers stock coffee beans near their displays as it is commonly believed that smelling coffee between perfume testing can limit or reverse olfactory fatigue.

This view remains controversial, with some researchers citing positive reactions while subsequent research seems to indicate no benefit from sniffing coffee beans compared to lemons scents or plain air:

- "smelling coffee not only refreshes olfactory sensory receptors but also stimulates appetite. Our effort to smell coffee beans for about 3–4 min after cooking enabled our sensory smell to be refreshed and thereby increasing our appetite greatly.".^[2]

- "Smelling coffee aroma between perfume samples, as compared to smelling unscented air, actually works. The perceived odor intensity of the perfume from sample to sample stayed the same after smelling coffee aroma while it decreased when smelling air between samples. The pleasantness of the perfume, however, was similar after smelling coffee or air." ^[3]

- "Fragrance sellers often provide coffee beans to their customers as a "nasal palate cleanser," to reduce the effects of olfactory adaptation and habituation. To test this idea, college students smelled three fragrances multiple times, rating odors each time. After completing nine trials, participants sniffed coffee beans, lemon slices, or plain air. Participants then indicated which of four presented fragrances had not been previously smelled. Coffee beans did not yield better performance than lemon slices or air.".^[4]

Rejuvenation through other means

Another commonly believed way to reduce olfactory fatigue is to smell one's own unperfumed skin (typically the crook of the elbow) on the theory this is the "baseline" smell for each individual.

References

^ Odors chapter, Fundamentals volume of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA, 2005
^ Dorri, Yaser; Sabeghi, Maryam; Kurien, Biji (2 March 2007). "Awaken olfactory receptors of humans and experimental animals by coffee odourants to induce appetite.". Medical Hypotheses 69 (3): 508–509. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.048. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
^ Noam Sobel, UC Berkeley, "Influence of Smelling Coffee on Olfactory Habituation" 2006
^ >Grosofsky, Alexis; Haupert, Margaret; Versteeg, Schyler (April 2011). "An Exploratory Investigation of Coffee and Lemon Scents and Odor Identification". Perceptual and Motor Skills 112: 536–538. doi:10.2466/24.PMS.112.2.536-538.

External links

Wine tasting
[1]
[2]
[3]

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Olfactory testing in children using objective tools: comparison of Sniffin' Sticks and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).

Hugh SC1, Siu J2, Hummel T3, Forte V4,5, Campisi P6,7, Papsin BC8,9, Propst EJ10,11.
Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale.J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2015 Mar 1;44:10. doi: 10.1186/s40463-015-0061-y.
BACKGROUND: Detection of olfactory dysfunction is important for fire and food safety. Clinical tests of olfaction have been developed for adults but their use in children has been limited because they were felt to be unreliable in children under six years of age. We therefore administered two olfact
PMID 25890082

The onset of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (the ONSET PD study).

Pont-Sunyer C1, Hotter A, Gaig C, Seppi K, Compta Y, Katzenschlager R, Mas N, Hofeneder D, Brücke T, Bayés A, Wenzel K, Infante J, Zach H, Pirker W, Posada IJ, Álvarez R, Ispierto L, De Fàbregues O, Callén A, Palasí A, Aguilar M, Martí MJ, Valldeoriola F, Salamero M, Poewe W, Tolosa E.
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.Mov Disord.2015 Feb;30(2):229-37. doi: 10.1002/mds.26077. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) can precede onset of motor symptoms. Relationship between premotor symptoms onset and motor features is limited. Our aim is to describe the presence and perceived onset of NMS in PD as well as their possible association with motor phenotype. Presen
PMID 25449044

Platelet hyperactivity, neurobehavioral symptoms and depression among Indian women chronically exposed to low level of arsenic.

Mukherjee B1, Bindhani B1, Saha H1, Sinha D2, Ray MR1.
Neurotoxicology.Neurotoxicology.2014 Dec;45:159-67. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.011. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
The prevalence of neurobehavioral symptoms (NBS) and depression has been investigated in premenopausal rural women of West Bengal, India enrolled from arsenic (As) endemic (groundwater As 11-50 μg/L; n = 342) and control areas (As level ≤ 10 μg/L; n = 312). The subjective symptoms questionnaire
PMID 25451969

Japanese Journal

Enhancement of Autonomic Stress Response and Reduction of Subjective Stress by Lavender Inhalation During a Short-term Calculation Task

Advanced Biomedical Engineering 5(0), 7-12, 2016
NAID 130005126081

都市ガスのニオイをはかる (特集においをはかる)

Aroma research = アロマリサーチ : journal of aroma science technology and safety 14(1), 12-16, 2013
NAID 40019604043

都市ガスの付臭剤における嗅覚疲労の時間依存性

におい・かおり環境学会誌 43(1), 45-53, 2012
NAID 130005142302

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