WordNet

a line of small holes for tearing at a particular place
the act of punching a hole (especially a row of holes as for ease of separation)
a hole made in something; "a perforation of the eardrum"
an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose (同)nasal_bone, os_nasale
a partition or wall especially in an ovary
(anatomy) a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉穴をあけること / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》穴,ミシン目,切り取り線
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》鼻の / 鼻声の / (音声が)鼻音の / (音声で)鼻音;鼻音字([m][n][g])
(動・植物体の)隔膜,隔壁

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/01 20:25:39」(JST)

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A nasal septum perforation is a medical condition in which the nasal septum, the cartilaginous membrane dividing the nostrils, develops a hole or fissure.

This may be brought on directly, as in the case of nasal piercings, or indirectly, as by long-term topical drug application, including intranasal ethylphenidate, methamphetamine, cocaine, crushed prescription pills, or decongestant nasal sprays, chronic epistaxis, aggressive digital nasal cleaning (nose picking) and as a complication of nasal surgery like septoplasty or rhinoplasty. Much less common causes for perforated nasal septums include rare granulomatous inflammatory conditions like granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It has been reported as a side effect of anti-angiogenesis drugs like bevacizumab.

Signs and symptoms

A perforated septum can vary in size and location, and is usually found deep inside the nose. It may be asymptomatic, or cause a variety of signs and symptoms. Small perforations can cause a whistling noise when breathing. Larger perforations usually have more severe symptoms. These can be a combination of crusting, blood discharge, difficulty breathing, nasal pressure and discomfort. The closer the perforation is to the nostrils, the more likely it is to cause symptoms.

Treatment

The majority of septal perforations can be managed without surgery. The hole will never close but if the open, raw trailing edge of the perforation can heal, the vast majority of symptoms resolve. The open irritated and raw surface must be continuously covered with a cream using a cotton applicator. This will prevent this area from drying out, cracking, bleeding, forming a scab and crusting up. A few months of successful application will allow the ulcerated edge to heal and reduces or resolves symptoms.

In a small percentage of patients surgery is necessary to alleviate symptoms.^[1] There are several different surgical procedures with reported success rates between 40 to 95%. Often these can't be reproduced by other surgeons which suggests the actual rate is lower.

References

^ Palaoucci (April 2006). "Surgical Treatment for Nasal septum perforation". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 26 (2): 102–9. PMC 2639981. PMID 16886852.

External links

Encyclopedia of Medicine article on perforated septum
Nasal Septoplasty
Septal Perforation Information and Treatment

UpToDate Contents

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1. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
2. 成人におけるコカイン使用障害：病態、薬理学、臨床症状、医学的転帰、および診断 cocaine use disorder in adults epidemiology pharmacology clinical manifestations medical consequences and diagnosis
3. 萎縮性副鼻腔炎 atrophic rhinosinusitis
4. Respiratory tract involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
5. 分子標的薬である血管新生阻害剤の毒性：心血管系以外への影響 toxicity of molecularly targeted antiangiogenic agents non cardiovascular effects

English Journal

Extracorporeal Septoplasty Combined With Valve Surgery in Rhinoplasty Patients.

Karameşe M1, Akdağ O, Akatekin A, Koplay TG, Koplay M, Tosun Z.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2016 Jan;76(1):7-12. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000213.
External nasal deviation is caused primarily by severely a deformed septum. The nose functions as a whole composed of the septum, valve systems, and mucosal structures. Patients with severely deviated septums also have deformed nasal valve systems. Extracorporeal septoplasty is advocated for an extr
PMID 25280178

Nasal foreign bodies: Results of a study of 260 cases.

Abou-Elfadl M1, Horra A2, Abada RL2, Mahtar M2, Roubal M2, Kadiri F2.
European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases.Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis.2015 Dec;132(6):343-6. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.08.006. Epub 2015 Sep 11.
AIMS: Insertion of a foreign body in the nasal cavity is a very common incident in children. It is easily diagnosed, but the type of foreign body varies and extraction can sometimes be difficult, with risk of complications. The present study reports nasal foreign bodies seen in emergency in our ENT
PMID 26364542

Numerical simulation of humidification and heating during inspiration in nose models with three different located septal perforations.

Lindemann J1, Reichert M2, Kröger R3, Schuler P1, Hoffmann T1, Sommer F1.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.2015 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Nasal septum perforations (SP) are characterized by nasal obstruction, bleeding and crusting. The disturbed heating and humidification of the inhaled air are important factors, which cause these symptoms due to a disturbed airflow. Numerical simulations offer a great potential to avoid these limitat
PMID 26545380

Japanese Journal

視力障害により発症したWegener肉芽腫症疑い例

田崎彰久,本田圭司,鎌田知子,畑中章生
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 106(11), 985-990, 2013
… About one month after the surgery, bilateral visual disturbance and nasal septum perforation appeared, the p-ANCA titer was elevated, and pachymeningitis became apparent, but the left paranasal sinus was intact. …
NAID 130003386091

A patient presenting nasal septum perforation during bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer

PETRELLI Fausto,CABIDDU Mary,BARBARA Cecilia,BARNI Sandro
Breast cancer : the journal of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society 18(3), 226-230, 2011-07-01
NAID 10029590179