WordNet
- the act of creating written works; "writing was a form of therapy for him"; "it was a matter of disputed authorship" (同)authorship, composition, penning
- the activity of putting something in written form; "she did the thinking while he did the writing" (同)committal to writing
- the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); "the writing in her novels is excellent"; "that editorial was a fine piece of writing" (同)written material, piece of writing
- (usually plural) the collected work of an author; "the idea occurs with increasing frequency in Hemingways writings"
- letters or symbols that are written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language; "he turned the paper over so the writing wouldnt show"; "the doctors writing was illegible"
- reflect or resemble; "The plane crash in Milan mirrored the attack in the World Trade Center"
- polished surface that forms images by reflecting light
- a faithful depiction or reflection; "the best mirror is an old friend"
- reflect as if in a mirror; "The smallest pond at night mirrors the firmament above"
- like or characteristic of a mirror image
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉『書くこと』 / 〈U〉筆跡,書掛 / 〈U〉(口頭に対して)書かれて形式,文書 / 〈U〉〈C〉『書かれたもの』(手紙,書類,銘など) / 《複数形で》文学作品,著作 / 〈U〉著述業,文筆業
- 『鏡』;(物の)鏡のような面 / (…の)姿を映す物;(…の)反映,手本(example)《+『of』+『名』》 / …‘を'鏡に映す;〈鏡が〉…‘を'映す / (鏡に映すように)…‘を'映し出す,描き出す
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/10/20 11:56:16」(JST)
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For the album by Jamie Woon, see Mirrorwriting.
Eighteenth century mirror writing in Ottoman calligraphy. Depicts the phrase
Ali is the viceregent of God in both directions.
Mirror writing is formed by writing in the direction that is the reverse of the natural way for a given language, such that the result is the mirror image of normal writing: it appears normal when it is reflected in a mirror. It is sometimes used as an extremely primitive form of cipher. The most common modern usage of mirror writing can be found on the front of ambulances, where the word "AMBULANCE" is often written in very large mirrored text, so that drivers see the word the right way around in their rear-view mirror.
Research suggests that the ability to do mirror writing[clarification needed] is probably inherited and caused by atypical language organization in the brain.[1] It is not known how many people in the population inherit the ability of mirror writing (an informal Australian newspaper experiment identified 10 true mirror-writers in a readership of 65,000[2]). Half of the children of people with the ability inherit it. There are more left-handed mirror writers than right-handed ones, probably because left-handed people tend to have atypical language centers in their brain. 15% of left-handed people have the language centres in both halves of their brain.[citation needed] The cerebral cortex (thin layer of dense brain cells covering the whole brain) and motor homunculus (relates to voluntary movement) are affected by this causing them to be able to read and write backwards quite naturally.[citation needed]
In an experiment conducted by the Department of Neurosurgery at Hokkaido University School of Medicine in Sapporo, Japan, Scientists proposed that the origin of mirror writing comes from damage caused through accidental brain damage or neurological diseases, such as an essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, or spino-cerebellar degeneration. This hypothesis was proposed due to the fact that these conditions affect a “neural mechanism that controls the higher cerebral function of writing via the thalamus.” [3] Another study by the same university discovered that damage was not the only cause. The scientists observed that normal children exhibited signs of mirror writing while learning to write, thus concluding that currently there is no exact method for finding the true origin of mirror writing.
Notable examples
The notes on Leonardo da Vinci's famous Vitruvian Man image are in mirror writing.
Leonardo da Vinci wrote most of his personal notes in mirror, only using standard writing if he intended his texts to be read by others. The purpose of this practice by Leonardo remains unknown, though several possible reasons have been suggested. For example, writing left handed from left to right would have been messy because the ink just put down would smear as his hand moved across it. Writing in reverse would prevent such smudging.
Wikipedia in Leonardo's style.
Matteo Zaccolini may have written his original four volume treatise on optics, color, and perspective in the early 17th century in mirror script.
Mirror writing calligraphy was popular in the Ottoman Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries among the Bektashi order, where it often carried mystical associations.[4] The origins of this mirror writing tradition may date to the pre-Islamic period in rock inscriptions of the western Arabian peninsula.[4]
References
- ^ Mathewson I. (2004). "Mirror writing ability is genetic and probably transmitted as a sex-linked dominant trait: it is hypothesised that mirror writers have bilateral language centres with a callosal interconnection". Med Hypotheses. 62 (5): 733–9. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.039. PMID 15082098.
- ^ News in Science - Mirror writing: my genes made me do it - 02/06/2004
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1032596/pdf/jnnpsyc00559-0008.pdf
- ^ a b Library of Congress image bibliographic data.[1] Retrieved 19 January 2009.
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mirror writings. |
- This browser app for the iPhone/iPad displays websites with left/right mirroring, and is thus well-suited for practicing to read mirror writing
- Mirror Writing a genetic trait
- Jay A. Gottfried, Feyza Sancar, Anjan chatterjee. "Acquired mirror writing and reading: evidence for reflected graphemic representations".
- Mirror writing: neurological reflections on an unusual phenomenon
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Age and experience shape developmental changes in the neural basis of language-related learning.
- McNealy K, Mazziotta JC, Dapretto M.Source?Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ?Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ?The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ?Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology, and Radiological Sciences in the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ?Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ?FPR Center for Culture, Brain, and Development, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Developmental science.Dev Sci.2011 Nov;14(6):1261-1282. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01075.x. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
- Very little is known about the neural underpinnings of language learning across the lifespan and how these might be modified by maturational and experiential factors. Building on behavioral research highlighting the importance of early word segmentation (i.e. the detection of word boundaries in cont
- PMID 22010887
Japanese Journal
- Biblical Criticism in George Eliot's "Peter von Bohlen's Introduction to the Book of Genesis"
- 福永 信哲
- 岡山大学教育学部研究集録 134(1), 113-118, 2007-03
- … we look closely at George Eliot's essays and book reviews, it dawns upon us that biblical criticism was one of the few central concerns she held consistently over her years of essay and review writing. …
- NAID 120002313786
Related Links
- Mirror writing is formed by writing in the direction that is the reverse of the natural way for a given language, such that the result is the mirror image of normal writing: it appears normal when it is reflected in a mirror. It is sometimes used as an ...
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