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(geology) amass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded
mold used in the production of phonograph records, type, or other relief surface
the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded (同)intercellular substance, ground_substance
(mathematics) a rectangular array of quantities or expressions set out by rows and columns; treated as a single element and manipulated according to rules
an enclosure within which something originates or develops (from the Latin for womb)
the formative tissue at the base of a nail
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
the 7th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)g

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（複数形 matrices, ～・es）(発生・成長の)母体 / 鋳型・模型;(レコードの)原盤;(活字の)母型,字母 / (金属・化石・宝石などの含んだ)母岩・《古》子宮・基盤; (細胞)細胞間質; (地学)基質; (印)字母; 紙型; 鋳型; (鉱)母岩; (数)行列; (コンピュータ)マトリックス (入力導線と出力導線の回路網); (言)母型文（matrix sentence）
蛋白(たんばく)質
マトリクシング(4チャンネルに再生転換できる2チャンネルの録音方式)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/23 18:17:39」(JST)

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Matrix gla protein (MGP) is member of a family of vitamin-K dependant, Gla-containing proteins. MGP has a high affinity binding to calcium ions, similar to other Gla-containing proteins. The protein acts as an inhibitor of vascular mineralization and plays a role in bone organization.^[1]^[2]

MGP is found in number body tissues in mammals, birds, and fish. Its mRNA is present in bone, cartilage, heart, and kidney.^[3]

It is present in bone together with the related vitamin K-dependent protein osteocalcin. In bone, its production is increased by vitamin D.

Genetics

The MGP was linked to the short arm of chromosome 12 in 1990.^[4] Its mRNA sequence length is 585 bases long in humans.^[5]

Physiology

MGP and osteocalcin are both calcium-binding proteins that may participate in the organisation of bone tissue. Both have glutamate residues that are post-translationally carboxylated by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in a reaction that requires Vitamin K hydroquinone.

This process also occurs with a number of proteins involved in coagulation: prothrombin, factor VII, factor IX and factor X, protein C, protein S and protein Z.

Role in disease

Abnormalities in the MGP gene have been linked with Keutel syndrome, a rare condition characterised by abnormal calcium deposition in cartilage, peripheral stenosis of the pulmonary artery, and midfacial hypoplasia.^[6]

Mice that lack MGP develop to term but die within two months as a result of arterial calcification which leads to blood-vessel rupture.^[2]

References

^ Yao Y, Jumabay M, Ly A, Radparvar M, Cubberly MR, Boström KI (2013). "A role for the endothelium in vascular calcification". Circ. Res. 113 (5): 495–504. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301792. PMC 3851028. PMID 23852538.
^ ^a ^b Luo G, Ducy P, McKee MD, Pinero GJ, Loyer E, Behringer RR, Karsenty G (March 1997). "Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein". Nature 386 (6620): 78–81. doi:10.1038/386078a0. PMID 9052783.
^ Pinto JP, Conceição N, Gavaia PJ, Cancela ML (2003). "Matrix Gla protein gene expression and protein accumulation colocalize with cartilage distribution during development of the teleost fish Sparus aurata". Bone 32 (3): 201–10. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00981-X. PMID 12667547.
^ Cancela L, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Price PA (1990). "Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (25): 15040–8. PMID 2394711.
^ "Sequence: M58549.1 : Human matrix Gla protein (MGP) mRNA, complete cds.". European Nucleotide Archive. European Bioinformatics Institute.
^ Munroe PB, Olgunturk RO, Fryns JP, Van Maldergem L, Ziereisen F, Yuksel B, Gardiner RM, Chung E (1999). "Mutations in the gene encoding the human matrix Gla protein cause Keutel syndrome". Nat. Genet. 21 (1): 142–4. doi:10.1038/5102. PMID 9916809.

External links

matrix Gla protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article on a gene on human chromosome 12 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨格の正常な発達および骨形成ならびに骨吸収の調節 normal skeletal development and regulation of bone formation and resorption
2. ビタミンＫとγカルボキシグルタミン酸の合成および機能 vitamin k and the synthesis and function of gamma carboxyglutamic acid
3. ビタミンKの概要 overview of vitamin k
4. 慢性腎疾患における血管石灰化の生物学 biology of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
5. 広汎性特発性骨増殖症（DISH） diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis dish

English Journal

Maternal high-fat diet and offspring expression levels of vitamin k-dependent proteins.

Lanham SA1, Cagampang FR, Oreffo RO.
Endocrinology.Endocrinology.2014 Dec;155(12):4749-61. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1188. Epub 2014 Oct 3.
Studies suggest that bone growth and development and susceptibility to vascular disease in later life are influenced by maternal nutrition during intrauterine and early postnatal life. There is evidence for a role of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) including osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein, per
PMID 25279792

Inactive Matrix Gla Protein Is Causally Related to Adverse Health Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in a Flemish Population.

Liu YP1, Gu YM1, Thijs L1, Knapen MH1, Salvi E1, Citterio L1, Petit T1, Carpini SD1, Zhang Z1, Jacobs L1, Jin Y1, Barlassina C1, Manunta P1, Kuznetsova T1, Verhamme P1, Struijker-Boudier HA1, Cusi D1, Vermeer C1, Staessen JA2.
Hypertension.Hypertension.2014 Nov 24. pii: HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04494. [Epub ahead of print]
Matrix Gla-protein is a vitamin K-dependent protein that strongly inhibits arterial calcification. Vitamin K deficiency leads to production of inactive nonphosphorylated and uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP). The risk associated with dp-ucMGP in the population is unknown. In a Flemish pop
PMID 25421980

Vitamin K Status and Mortality After Kidney Transplantation: A Cohort Study.

Keyzer CA1, Vermeer C2, Joosten MM3, Knapen MH2, Drummen NE2, Navis G1, Bakker SJ3, de Borst MH4.
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.Am J Kidney Dis.2014 Nov 12. pii: S0272-6386(14)01277-3. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.014. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Vitamin K modulates calcification by activating calcification inhibitors such as matrix Gla protein (MGP). In kidney transplant recipients, vitamin K insufficiency is common, but implications for long-term outcomes are unclear.STUDY DESIGN: Single-center observational study with a longit
PMID 25453995

Japanese Journal

ビタミンKの健康栄養機能に関する最近の知見 (特集脂溶性ビタミン)

鈴木啓章
オレオサイエンス 14(12), 555-561, 2014-12
NAID 40020278113

1-II-8 異所性石灰化誘導ラットの軟組織におけるMatrix Gla Protein (MGP)の発現解析(一般演題要旨,第66回大会講演要旨)

山本真由美,津川尚子,安田真央,桜井晴奈,春日哲史,岡野登志夫
ビタミン 88(4), 219, 2014-04-25
NAID 110009828905

1-II-7 ラットの血中低グラ化Matrix Gla Protein濃度測定法の開発とその有用性について(一般演題要旨,第66回大会講演要旨)

安田真央,津川尚子,山本真由美,金森健悟,澤田夏美,春日哲史,桜井晴奈,岡野登志夫
ビタミン 88(4), 219, 2014-04-25
NAID 110009828904

「基質グラ蛋白質」

Matrix Gla protein
Identifiers
Symbols	MGP ; GIG36; MGLAP; NTI
External IDs	OMIM: 154870 MGI: 96976 HomoloGene: 693 GeneCards: MGP Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• extracellular matrix structural constituent; • calcium ion binding; • protein binding; • structural constituent of bone;
Cellular component	• proteinaceous extracellular matrix; • extracellular matrix; • extracellular exosome;
Biological process	• cartilage condensation; • ossification; • cell differentiation; • regulation of bone mineralization;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	v; t; e;