WordNet

located or occurring within a cell or cells; "intracellular fluid"

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1. Chapter 10C：細胞内pH chapter 10c intracellular ph
2. 心筋における興奮収縮連関 excitation contraction coupling in myocardium
3. 低カリウム血症誘発性腎機能障害 hypokalemia induced renal dysfunction
4. レジオネラ感染の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of legionella infection
5. 高二酸化炭素血症の許容（Permissive hypercapnia） permissive hypercapnia

English Journal

Bacteria causing important diseases of citrus utilise distinct modes of pathogenesis to attack a common host.

Vojnov AA, do Amaral AM, Dow JM, Castagnaro AP, Marano MR.Author information Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. Cesar Milstein, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Buenos Aires, Argentina. avojnov@fundacioncassara.org.arAbstractIn this review, we summarise the current knowledge on three pathogens that exhibit distinct tissue specificity and modes of pathogenesis in citrus plants. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri causes canker disease and invades the host leaf mesophyll tissue through natural openings and can also survive as an epiphyte. Xylella fastidiosa and Candidatus Liberibacter are vectored by insects and proliferate in the vascular system of the host, either in the phloem (Candidatus Liberibacter) or xylem (X. fastidiosa) causing variegated chlorosis and huanglongbing diseases, respectively. Candidatus Liberibacter can be found within host cells and is thus unique as an intracellular phytopathogenic bacterium. Genome sequence comparisons have identified groups of species-specific genes that may be associated with the particular lifestyle, mode of transmission or symptoms produced by each phytopathogen. In addition, components that are conserved amongst bacteria may have diverse regulatory actions underpinning the different bacterial lifestyles; one example is the divergent role of the Rpf/DSF cell-cell signalling system in X. citri and X. fastidiosa. Biofilm plays a key role in epiphytic fitness and canker development in X. citri and in the symptoms produced by X. fastidiosa. Bacterial aggregation may be associated with vascular occlusion of the xylem vessels and symptomatology of variegated chlorosis.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2010 Jun;87(2):467-77. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2631-2. Epub 2010 May 7.
In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on three pathogens that exhibit distinct tissue specificity and modes of pathogenesis in citrus plants. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri causes canker disease and invades the host leaf mesophyll tissue through natural openings and can also survive a
PMID 20449739

Foliar trichome- and aquaporin-aided water uptake in a drought-resistant epiphyte Tillandsia ionantha Planchon.

Ohrui T, Nobira H, Sakata Y, Taji T, Yamamoto C, Nishida K, Yamakawa T, Sasuga Y, Yaguchi Y, Takenaga H, Tanaka S.Author information Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Tokyo, Japan.AbstractThe atmospheric epiphyte Tillandsia ionantha is capable of surviving drought stress for 6 months or more without any exogenous water supply via an as of yet to be determined mechanism. When plants were soaked in water for 3 h, leaves absorbed a remarkably large amount of water (30-40% on the basis of fresh weight), exhibiting a bimodal absorption pattern. Radiolabeled water was taken up by the leaves by capillary action of the epidermal trichomes within 1 min (phase 1) and then transported intracellularly to leaf tissues over 3 h (phase 2). The removal of epidermal trichome wings from leaves as well as rinsing leaves with water significantly lowered the extracellular accumulation of water on leaf surfaces. The intracellular transport of water was inhibited by mercuric chloride, implicating the involvement of a water channel aquaporin in second-phase water absorption. Four cDNA clones (TiPIP1a, TiPIP1b, TiPIP1c, and TiPIP2a) homologous to PIP family aquaporins were isolated from the leaves, and RT-PCR showed that soaking plants in water stimulated the expression of TiPIP2a mRNA, suggesting the reinforcement in ability to rapidly absorb a large amount of water. The expression of TiPIP2a complementary RNA in Xenopus oocytes enhanced permeability, and treatment with inhibitors suggested that the water channel activity of TiPIP2a protein was regulated by phosphorylation. Thus, the high water uptake capability of T. ionantha leaves surviving drought is attributable to a bimodal trichome- and aquaporin-aided water uptake system based on rapid physical collection of water and subsequent, sustained chemical absorption.
Planta.Planta.2007 Dec;227(1):47-56. Epub 2007 Aug 3.
The atmospheric epiphyte Tillandsia ionantha is capable of surviving drought stress for 6 months or more without any exogenous water supply via an as of yet to be determined mechanism. When plants were soaked in water for 3 h, leaves absorbed a remarkably large amount of water (30-40% on the basis o
PMID 17674031

Investigation of the link between avian vacuolar myelinopathy and a novel species of cyanobacteria through laboratory feeding trials.

Wiley FE, Wilde SB, Birrenkott AH, Williams SK, Murphy TM, Hope CP, Bowerman WW, Fischer JR.Author information Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA. fwiley@clemson.eduAbstractAvian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurologic disease affecting Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), American Coots (Fulica americana), and other birds in the southeastern United States. The cause of the disease has not yet been determined, although it is generally thought to be a natural toxin. Previous studies have linked AVM to aquatic vegetation, and the current working hypothesis is that a species of cyanobacteria growing epiphytically on that vegetation is producing a toxin that causes AVM. Surveys of epiphytic communities have identified a novel species of cyanobacteria in the order Stigonematales as the most likely suspect. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between the suspect Stigonematales species and induction of AVM, by using animal feeding trials. Adult Mallards and domestic chickens were fed aquatic vegetation from two study sites containing the suspect cyanobacterial epiphyte, as well as a control site that did not contain the Stigonematales species. Two trials were conducted. The first trial used vegetation collected during mid-October 2003, and the second trial used vegetation collected during November and December 2003. Neither treatment nor control birds in the first trial developed AVM lesions. Ten of 12 treatment Mallards in the second trial were diagnosed with AVM, and control birds were not affected. This study provides further evidence that the novel Stigonematales species may be involved with AVM induction, or at the least it is a good predictor of AVM toxin presence in a system. The results also demonstrate the seasonal nature of AVM events.
Journal of wildlife diseases.J Wildl Dis.2007 Jul;43(3):337-44.
Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurologic disease affecting Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), American Coots (Fulica americana), and other birds in the southeastern United States. The cause of the disease has not yet been determined, although it is generally thought to be a natural tox
PMID 17699072

「細胞内寄生菌」

　　[★]

英: intracellular organism, intracellular epiphyte
同: 細胞内寄生、細胞外寄生菌

宿主細胞内環境で増殖する細菌の総称

マクロファージ内で生存、増殖することができる。

ファゴソームとリソソームの融合阻止などによりマクロファージの細胞内で増殖できることが特徴であり、細胞外で増殖できないと言うことではない。

分類

通性細胞内寄生菌：細胞内でも細胞外でも増殖できる。
偏性細胞内寄生菌：細胞内でしか増殖できない

	細胞内寄生菌	細胞外寄生菌
生体防御反応	肉芽腫形成	膿瘍を形成

偏性細胞内寄生菌と通性細胞内寄生菌

偏性細胞内寄生菌	リケッチア、クラミジア、らい菌？
通性細胞内寄生菌	結核菌, リステリア属菌, サルモネラ属菌(チフス菌、パラチフス菌、サルモネラ症を起こす菌), ブルセラ属菌, 梅毒トレポネーマ, レジオネラ属菌