EDS

WordNet

beyond normal limits; "excessive charges"; "a book of inordinate length"; "his dress stops just short of undue elegance"; "unreasonable demands" (同)inordinate, undue, unreasonable
unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings; "extravagant praise"; "exuberant compliments"; "overweening ambition"; "overweening greed" (同)extravagant, exuberant, overweening
a very sleepy state; "sleepiness causes many driving accidents" (同)drowsiness, somnolence

PrepTutorEJDIC

『度を越した』,過度の,極端な
眠け
『昼間』

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/07 20:19:28」(JST)

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Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, even after apparently adequate or even prolonged night time sleep. EDS can be considered as a broad condition encompassing several sleep disorders where increased sleep is a symptom, or as a symptom of another underlying disorder like narcolepsy, sleep apnea or a circadian rhythm disorder.

Some persons with EDS, including those with hypersomnias like narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, are compelled to nap repeatedly during the day; fighting off increasingly strong urges to sleep during inappropriate times such as while driving, while at work, during a meal, or in conversations. As the compulsion to sleep intensifies, the ability to complete tasks sharply diminishes, often mimicking the appearance of intoxication. During occasional unique and/or stimulating circumstances, a person with EDS can sometimes remain animated, awake and alert, for brief or extended periods of time. EDS can affect the ability to function in family, social, occupational, or other settings. A proper diagnosis of the underlying cause and ultimately treatment of symptoms and/or the underlying cause can help mitigate such complications.^[1]

Diagnosis

An adult who is compelled to nap repeatedly during the day may have excessive daytime sleepiness. However, it is important to distinguish between occasional daytime sleepiness and excessive daytime sleepiness, which is chronic.

A number of tools for screening for EDS have been developed. One is the Epworth Sleepiness Scale which grades the results of a questionnaire. The ESS generates a numerical score from zero (0) to 24 where a score of ten [10] or higher may indicate that the person should consult a specialist in sleep medicine for further evaluation. A self test is available at the author's website.

Another tool is the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), which has been used since the 1970s. It is used to measure the time it takes from the start of a daytime nap period to the first signs of sleep, called sleep latency. The test is based on the idea that the sleepier people are, the faster they will fall asleep.

Causes

EDS can be a symptom of a number of factors and disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose them. Some are:

Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep.
Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g. jet lag, shift work or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders).
Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, idiopathic hypersomnia or restless legs syndrome.
Disorders such as clinical depression or atypical depression.
Tumors, head trauma, anemia, kidney failure, hypothyroidism or an injury to the central nervous system.
Drug abuse.
Genetic predisposition
Vitamin deficiency, such as Biotin deficiency
Particular classes of prescription and OTC medication

Treatment

Treatment of EDS relies on identifying and treating the underlying disorder which may cure the person from the EDS. Drugs like modafinil,^[2] Armodafinil,^[3] Xyrem (sodium oxybate) oral solution, have been approved as treatment for EDS symptoms in the U.S. There is declining usage of other drugs such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), amphetamine (Adderall), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methamphetamine (Desoxyn), and pemoline (Cylert), as these psychostimulants have several adverse effects and addictive properties.^[4]

References

^ Guilleminault, C; Brooks, SN (August 2001). "Excessive daytime sleepiness: a challenge for the practising neurologist.". Brain : a journal of neurology 124 (Pt 8): 1482–91. doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1482. PMID 11459741.
^ Valentino, RM; Foldvary-Schaefer, N (August 2007). "Modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness.". Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 74 (8): 561–6, 568–71. doi:10.3949/ccjm.74.8.561. PMID 17708127.
^ Nishino, S; Okuro, M (June 2008). "Armodafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness.". Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998) 44 (6): 395–414. doi:10.1358/dot.2008.44.6.1223892. PMID 18596995.
^ Harris, SF; Monderer, RS; Thorpy, M (November 2012). "Hypersomnias of central origin.". Neurologic clinics 30 (4): 1027–44. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.08.002. PMID 23099128.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 過度な日中の眠気を有する患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with excessive daytime sleepiness
2. 特発性過眠症 idiopathic hypersomnia
3. Excessive daytime sleepiness due to medical disorders and medications
4. クライネ・レビン症候群（反復性過眠症） kleine levin syndrome recurrent hypersomnia
5. 眠気の定量化 quantifying sleepiness

English Journal

Improvement of sleep architecture parameters in cirrhotic patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with the use of rifaximin.

Bruyneel M1, Sersté T, Libert W, van den Broecke S, Ameye L, Dachy B, Mulkay JP, Moreno C, Gustot T.
European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.2017 Mar;29(3):302-308. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000786.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sleep disorders are frequently reported in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study assessed the effect of rifaximin on sleep architecture parameters in patients with recurrent HE.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This sequential, prospective, and exploratory study
PMID 27977438

A novel sleep optimisation programme to improve athletes' well-being and performance.

Van Ryswyk E1, Weeks R1, Bandick L1, O'Keefe M1, Vakulin A1,2, Catcheside P1, Barger L3, Potter A4, Poulos N4, Wallace J4, Antic NA1.
European journal of sport science.Eur J Sport Sci.2017 Mar;17(2):144-151. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1221470. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
OBJECTIVES: To improve well-being and performance indicators in a group of Australian Football League (AFL) players via a six-week sleep optimisation programme.DESIGN: Prospective intervention study following observations suggestive of reduced sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in an AFL group.M
PMID 27574901

Hypersomnia: Evaluation, Treatment, and Social and Economic Aspects.

Saini P1, Rye DB2.
Sleep medicine clinics.Sleep Med Clin.2017 Mar;12(1):47-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.013.
Most central disorders of hypersomnolence are conditions with poorly understood pathophysiologies, making their identification, treatment, and management challenging for sleep clinicians. The most challenging to diagnose and treat is idiopathic hypersomnia. There are no FDA-approved treatments, and
PMID 28159097

Japanese Journal

コメディカル日中に過度な眠気のある待機的冠動脈インターベンション治療後患者の症状評価

日本心血管インターベンション治療学会誌 = Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics : official journal of the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics 8(3), 131-135, 2016-11
NAID 40021014800

睡眠時無呼吸を疑った時に気をつけること (特集呼吸器内科に必要な診察術)

呼吸器内科 = Respiratory medicine 30(4), 320-324, 2016-10
NAID 40020987515

夏季の温熱環境制御が睡眠と翌日の作業効率に与える影響の経済性評価

日本建築学会環境系論文集 81(724), 523-533, 2016
NAID 130005161549

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「EDS」「日中過眠」「日中の過剰な眠気」
関連記事	「excessive」「sleepiness」「daytime」

「EDS」

daytime hypersomnia
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	F51.1, G47.1
ICD-9-CM	291.82, 292.85, 307.43-307.44, 327.1, 780.53-780.54
eMedicine	med/3129
MeSH	D006970