同: ESP

WordNet

work natural fibers into a thread; "spin silk"
prolong or extend; "spin out a visit" (同)spin out
the act of rotating rapidly; "he gave the crank a spin"; "it broke off after much twisting" (同)twirl, twist, twisting, whirl
a distinctive interpretation (especially as used by politicians to sway public opinion); "the campaign put a favorable spin on the story"
a short drive in a car; "he took the new car for a spin"
a swift whirling motion (usually of a missile)
revolve quickly and repeatedly around ones own axis; "The dervishes whirl around and around without getting dizzy" (同)spin around, whirl, reel, gyrate
form a web by making a thread; "spiders spin a fine web"
make up a story; "spin a yarn"
stream in jets, of liquids; "The creek spun its course through the woods"
twist and turn so as to give an intended interpretation; "The Presidents spokesmen had to spin the story to make it less embarrassing"
stack in cords; "cord firewood"
a unit of amount of wood cut for burning; 128 cubic feet
a cut pile fabric with vertical ribs; usually made of cotton (同)corduroy
a light insulated conductor for household use (同)electric cord
a line made of twisted fibers or threads; "the bundle was tied with a cord"
bind or tie with a cord
existing in possibility; "a potential problem"; "possible uses of nuclear power" (同)possible
the inherent capacity for coming into being (同)potentiality, potency
of or relating to the spine or spinal cord; "spinal cord"; "spinal injury"

PrepTutorEJDIC

extrasensory perception
(羊毛などから)〈糸など〉‘を'『紡ぐ』《+『名』+『out of』+『名』〈羊毛〉》,(糸などに)〈羊毛など〉‘を'紡ぐ《+『名』〈羊毛〉+『into』+『名』》 / 〈クモ・カイコなどが〉〈糸〉‘を'『吐く』;〈巣・繭〉‘を'かける / …‘を'くるくる回す / 〈物語など〉‘を'作る,話す / 『糸を紡ぐ』;〈クモ・カイコなどが〉糸を吐く / 〈こまなどが〉くるくる回る / 〈車などが〉疾走する / 〈頭などが〉くらくらする / 〈C〉〈U〉くるくる回すこと;回転 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(車などの)一走り / 〈C〉(飛行機の)きりもみ降下 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(価値などの)急落
〈U〉〈C〉『綱,ひも』(stringより太くropeより細い) / 〈U〉〈C〉束縛,きずな / 〈C〉〈U〉(電気の)『コード』,線 / (またchord)〈C〉(動物体の)索状組織,腱(けん) / 〈C〉うね織り,(特に)コールテン;(うね織りの)うね;《複数形で》コールテンのズボン / 〈C〉コード(材木の容積の単位で約6.25m) / …'を'綱(ひも)で縛る
可能性のある,潜在的な / 可能性,潜在力 / 電位
(…から)〈霊魂など〉‘を'呼び出す《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈記憶・感情など〉‘を'呼び起こす
背骨の / せき髄麻酔

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における、放射線検査で異常がない脊髄損傷（SCIWORA） spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality sciwora in children
2. 脊髄に影響を与える疾患 disorders affecting the spinal cord
3. 脊髄放射線照射の合併症 complications of spinal cord irradiation
4. 脊髄損傷および疾患の慢性合併症 chronic complications of spinal cord injury and disease
5. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair

English Journal

Individual differences in pain sensitivity vary as a function of precuneus reactivity.

Goffaux P1, Girard-Tremblay L, Marchand S, Daigle K, Whittingstall K.Author information 1Département de chirurgie, Neurochirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada, Philippe.Goffaux@USherbrooke.ca.AbstractAlthough humans differ widely in how sensitive they are to painful stimuli, the neural correlates underlying such variability remains poorly understood. A better understanding of this is important given that baseline pain sensitivity scores relate closely to the risk of developing refractory, chronic pain. To address this, we used a matched perception paradigm which allowed us to control for individual variations in subjective experience. By measuring subjective pain, nociceptive flexion reflexes, and, somatosensory evoked brain potentials (with source localization analysis), we were able to map the brain's sequential response to pain while also investigating its relationship to pain sensitivity (i.e. change in the stimulation strength necessary to experience pain) and spinal cord activity. We found that pain sensitivity in healthy adults was closely tied to pain-evoked responses in the contralateral precuneus. Importantly, the precuneus did not contribute to the actual representation of pain in the brain, suggesting that pain sensitivity and pain representation depend on separate neuronal sub-systems.
Brain topography.Brain Topogr.2014 May;27(3):366-74. doi: 10.1007/s10548-013-0291-0. Epub 2013 May 1.
Although humans differ widely in how sensitive they are to painful stimuli, the neural correlates underlying such variability remains poorly understood. A better understanding of this is important given that baseline pain sensitivity scores relate closely to the risk of developing refractory, chroni
PMID 23636269

Nrf2 activation in astrocytes contributes to spinal cord ischemic tolerance induced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning.

Xu J1, Huang G, Zhang K, Sun J, Xu T, Li R, Tao H, Xu W.Author information 1Second Military Medical University, Department of Diving Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, P. R. China, Shanghai , China, 200433 ; xujiajun920@163.com.AbstractIn this study we investigated whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in astrocytes contributes to the neuroprotection induced by a single hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCIR) injury. In vivo: At 24 h after a single HBO-PC at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 90 min, the male ICR mice were subjected to SCIR injury by aortic cross-clamping surgery and observed for 48 h. HBO-PC significantly improved hindlimb motor function, reduced secondary spinal cord edema, ameliorated the reactivity of spinal motor-evoked potentials, and slowed down the process of apoptosis to exert neuroprotective effects against SCIR injury. At 12 h or 24 h after HBO-PC without aortic cross-clamping surgery, western blot, ELISA, realtime-PCR and double-immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the Nrf2 activity of spinal cord tissue, such as mRNA level, protein content, DNA binding activity and the expression of downstream gene, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase, γ-glutamyltransferase, multidrug resistance protein 1, which are key proteins for intracellular glutathione synthesis and transit. The Nrf2 activity and downstream genes expression were all enhanced in normal spinal cord with HBO-PC. Glutathione content of spinal cord tissue with HBO-PC significantly increased at all time point after SCIR injury. Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression mainly occurs in astrocytes. In vitro: At 24 h after HBO-PC, the primary spinal astrocyte-neuron co-cultures from ICR mouse pups were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 90 min to simulate the ischemia-reperfusion injury. HBO-PC significantly increased the survival rate of neurons and the glutathione content in culture medium, which was mainly released from asctrocytes. Moreover, the Nrf2 activity and downstream genes expression induced by HBO-PC were mainly enhanced in asctrocytes, but not in neurons. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that spinal cord ischemic tolerance induced by HBO-PC may be mainly related to Nrf2 activation in astrocytes.
Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2014 Apr 9. [Epub ahead of print]
In this study we investigated whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in astrocytes contributes to the neuroprotection induced by a single hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (SCIR) injury. In vivo: At 24 h after a single
PMID 24716787

Intraoperative changes in transcranial motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials predicting outcome in children with intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

Cheng JS1, Ivan ME, Stapleton CJ, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Gupta N, Auguste KI.Author information 1Departments of Neurological Surgery and.AbstractObject Intraoperative dorsal column mapping, transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been used in adults to assist with the resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) and to predict postoperative motor deficits. The authors sought to determine whether changes in MEP and SSEP waveforms would similarly predict postoperative motor deficits in children. Methods The authors reviewed charts and intraoperative records for children who had undergone resection for IMSCTs as well as dorsal column mapping and TcMEP and SSEP monitoring. Motor evoked potential data were supplemented with electromyography data obtained using a Kartush microstimulator (Medtronic Inc.). Motor strength was graded using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale during the preoperative, immediate postoperative, and follow-up periods. Reductions in SSEPs were documented after mechanical traction, in response to maneuvers with the cavitational ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA), or both. Results Data from 12 patients were analyzed. Three lesions were encountered in the cervical and 7 in the thoracic spinal cord. Two patients had lesions of the cervicomedullary junction and upper spinal cord. Intraoperative MEP changes were noted in half of the patients. In these cases, normal polyphasic signals converted to biphasic signals, and these changes correlated with a loss of 1-2 grades in motor strength. One patient lost MEP signals completely and recovered strength to MRC Grade 4/5. The 2 patients with high cervical lesions showed neither intraoperative MEP changes nor motor deficits postoperatively. Dorsal columns were mapped in 7 patients, and the midline was determined accurately in all 7. Somatosensory evoked potentials were decreased in 7 patients. Two patients each had 2 SSEP decreases in response to traction intraoperatively but had no new sensory findings postoperatively. Another 2 patients had 3 traction-related SSEP decreases intraoperatively, and both had new postoperative sensory deficits that resolved. One additional patient had a CUSA-related SSEP decrease intraoperatively, which resolved postoperatively, and the last patient had 3 traction-related sensory deficits and a CUSA-related sensory deficit postoperatively, none of which resolved. Conclusions Intraoperative TcMEPs and SSEPs can predict the degree of postoperative motor deficit in pediatric patients undergoing IMSCT resection. This technique, combined with dorsal column mapping, is particularly useful in resecting lesions of the upper cervical cord, which are generally considered to be high risk in this population. Furthermore, the spinal cord appears to be less tolerant of repeated intraoperative SSEP decreases, with 3 successive insults most likely to yield postoperative sensory deficits. Changes in TcMEPs and SSEP waveforms can signal the need to guard against excessive manipulation thereby increasing the safety of tumor resection.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics.J Neurosurg Pediatr.2014 Apr 4. [Epub ahead of print]
Object Intraoperative dorsal column mapping, transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been used in adults to assist with the resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) and to predict postoperative motor deficits. The authors sought
PMID 24702615

Japanese Journal

Spinal Metaplastic Meningioma with Osseous Differentiation in the Ventral Thoracic Spinal Canal

Yamane Kentaro,Tanaka Masato,Sugimoto Yoshihisa,Ichimura Kouichi,Ozaki Toshifumi
Acta Medica Okayama 68(5), 313-316, 2014-10
… There are only 12 cases involving ossified spinal meningiomas in the literature. … We present the case of a 61-year-old female with a primary tumor within the ventral spinal canal at T12. … Although we performed a total tumor excision using an ultrasonic bone aspirator, a temporary deterioration of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) was observed during curettage with a Kerrison rongeur. …
NAID 120005477130

Changes in Corticospinal Excitability during Dual Task

FUKUMOTO Hiroyuki,SAKEMOTO Natsuki,NISHIHIRA Yoshiaki
Advances in exercise and sports physiology 20(2), 45-50, 2014-06
… In each task, TMS was applied to the left primary motor cortex (Ml), and the motorevoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI), the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) of the right hand. … On the basis of these findings, changes in the corticospinal excitability while performing DT occur by the alteration of motor commands in supraspinal level rather than in lower spinal cord level; …
NAID 110009830214

TMSを用いた上肢および下肢の運動誘発電位におけるリズミック運動の周波数依存性

田浦敏幸,菊地豊,小田垣雅人
生体医工学 52(Supplement), O-513-O-514, 2014
… The central pattern generator (CPG) in the spinal cord oscillates a motor command to produce rhythmic movement. … A single-pulsed TMS was applied on the primary motor cortex, and the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) was measured on the target muscle after 10 s from the onset of movement. …
NAID 130004695886