WordNet

any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/31 00:26:22」(JST)

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The epicranial aponeurosis, (aponeurosis epicranialis, galea aponeurotica) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales.

On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue.

It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance.

Additional images

Diagrammatic section of scalp.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Anatomy photo:28:01-0109 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Cranial Fossae: Layers of the scalp"

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English Journal

Reconstruction of a large posterior scalp defect using occipital artery based pedicled island v-y advancement flap: a case report.

Sharma R, Sirohi D, Sinha R, Menon PS.AbstractRepair of scalp defects using local hair bearing scalp is technically challenging. Transposition or rotation of local flaps to close the defect has its own disadvantages. Reconstruction of a large posterior scalp defect using occipital artery based pedicled V-Y advancement flap following the excision of a recurrent fibrolipoma of epicranial aponeurosis is reported here. It is possible to reconstruct the defect with hair bearing scalp in a single stage along with primary closure of the donor site using this technique.
Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery.J Maxillofac Oral Surg.2011 Sep;10(3):262-5. doi: 10.1007/s12663-010-0151-3. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
Repair of scalp defects using local hair bearing scalp is technically challenging. Transposition or rotation of local flaps to close the defect has its own disadvantages. Reconstruction of a large posterior scalp defect using occipital artery based pedicled V-Y advancement flap following the excisio
PMID 22942599

[Conservative forehead facelift. Design and preliminary results].

Gola R.Author information Service de Stomatologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.AbstractThe digastric occipitofrontalis muscle, as described in classical anatomy text books, does not exist. The epicranial aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica receives the occipitalis muscle on its deep surface and the frontalis muscle on its superficial surface. This revised anatomy of the concept of the frontal cutaneo-musculo-aponeurotic unit, combining skin, galea and frontalis muscle (frontal CMAU) is the basis for a new forehead facelift which corrects ageing of the forehead, essentially related to recession of the forehead and relaxation of the galea. The essential advantage of this new facelift is preservation of the frontalis muscle which plays a fundamental role not only in forehead expression, but also in support and elevation of the eyelids. The absence of any direct procedure on the frontalis muscle decreases the extent of skin resection and avoids or minimizes sensory or motor neurological complications.
Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique.Ann Chir Plast Esthet.1999 Jun;44(3):224-30.
The digastric occipitofrontalis muscle, as described in classical anatomy text books, does not exist. The epicranial aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica receives the occipitalis muscle on its deep surface and the frontalis muscle on its superficial surface. This revised anatomy of the concept of the f
PMID 10427829

[The forehead cutaneo-musculo-aponeurotic unit and aging of the forehead. Anatomo-physiological considerations and surgical implications].

Gola R.Author information Service de Stomatologie Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et Plastique de la Face, Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrely, Marseille, France.AbstractThe occipitofrontalis muscle, as it is described in classical anatomy text books, does not exist. The epicranial aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica receives the occipitalis muscle on its deep surface and the frontalis muscle on its superficial surface. The frontalis muscle plays a fundamental role not only in forehead expression, but also in the support and elevation of the eyelids. This revised and corrected anatomy gives rise to the concept of the forehead cutaneomusculoaponeurotic unit, composed of skin, galea and frontalis muscle (forehead CMAU), resulting in a new forehead facelift which corrects forehead ageing, essentially related to recession of the forehead and relaxation of the galea.
Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique.Ann Chir Plast Esthet.1999 Feb;44(1):89-102.
The occipitofrontalis muscle, as it is described in classical anatomy text books, does not exist. The epicranial aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica receives the occipitalis muscle on its deep surface and the frontalis muscle on its superficial surface. The frontalis muscle plays a fundamental role no
PMID 10188299

Japanese Journal

頭部に原発し, 肺, 骨, 皮膚, 脳に多発性転移をきたした汗腺癌の1例

武居彰,宮崎素子,露木重明,大西清
Skin cancer : official organ of the Japanese Society for Skin Cancer = 皮膚悪性腫瘍研究会機関誌 12(1), 55-60, 1997-06-30
… Histopathologically, irregular shaped nests of tumor cells were proliferated from the dermis to the epicranial aponeurosis with prominent fibrous stroma. …
NAID 10017219535

Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎ型てんかんをもって発症した肝細胞がんの１例

日野真一 [他],五十嵐正彦,隆元英,堀江弘,山田敏也
肝臓 24(2), 201-207, 1983
Jackson型てんかんを初発症状とし,てんかんの原因が頭頂骨転移巣による大脳皮質運動領の圧迫及びそれへの浸潤と考えられた肝細胞癌の1剖検例を報告する.症例は58歳,男性.Jackson型てんかんで発症し,頭頂部腫瘤の存在及び頚動脈造影の所見等より悪性腫瘍の頭蓋骨転移が疑われ,腹腔鏡,頭頂部及び胸壁腫瘤の生検から肝細胞癌の転移と診断されたが,進行性の頭蓋内合併症で死亡した.剖検で,肝硬変,肝の90 …
NAID 130000879099

「帽状腱膜」

Epicranial aponeurosis
	Muscles of the head, face, and neck. (Epicranial aponeurosis visible at top.)
Details
Latin	Galea aponeurotica,; Aponeurosis epicranialis,; Aponeurosis epicrania
Identifiers
Gray's	p.380
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_01/12383152
TA	A04.1.03.007
FMA	46768
	Anatomical terminology