- 関
- endothermal
WordNet
- (of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with absorption of heat (同)endothermal, heat-absorbing
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (化学反応が)吸熱性の,吸熱反応の
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/08/27 00:34:28」(JST)
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This article is about the physical effect. For self-maintained thermal homeostasis, see Endotherm.
The term endothermic process describes a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings; usually, but not always, in the form of heat. The term was coined by Marcellin Berthelot from the Greek roots endo-, derived from the word "endon" (ἔνδον) meaning "within" and the root "therm" (θερμ-) meaning "hot." The intended sense is that of a reaction that depends on absorbing heat if it is to proceed. The opposite of an endothermic process is an exothermic process, one that releases, "gives out" energy in the form of (usually, but not always) heat. Thus in each term (endothermic & exothermic) the prefix refers to where heat goes as the reaction occurs, though in reality it only refers to where the energy goes, without necessarily being in the form of heat.
The concept is frequently applied in physical sciences to, for example, chemical reactions, where thermal energy (heat) is converted to chemical bond energy.
Endothermic (and exothermic) analysis only accounts for the enthalpy change (∆H) of a reaction. The full energy analysis of a reaction is the Gibbs free energy (∆G), which includes an entropy (∆S) and temperature term in addition to the enthalpy. A reaction will be a spontaneous process at a certain temperature if the products have a lower Gibbs free energy (an exergonic reaction) even if the enthalpy of the products is higher. Entropy and enthalpy are different terms, so the change in entropic energy can overcome an opposite change in enthalpic energy and make an endothermic reaction favorable.
Examples
- Photosynthesis
- Melting ice
- Evaporating liquid water
- Sublimation of carbon dioxide (dry ice)
- Cracking of alkanes
- Thermal decomposition reactions
- Electrolytic decomposition of sodium chloride into sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride
- Dissolving ammonium chloride in water
- Nucleosynthesis of elements heavier than nickel in stellar cores
- High-energy neutrons can produce tritium from lithium-7 in an endothermic reaction, consuming 2.466 MeV. This was discovered when the 1954 Castle Bravo nuclear test produced an unexpectedly high yield.[1]
- Nuclear fusion of elements heavier than iron in supernovae [2]
References
- ^
-
7
3Li |
+ |
n |
→ |
4
2He |
+ |
3
1T |
+ |
n |
Zerriffi, Hisham (January 1996). "Tritium: The environmental, health, budgetary, and strategic effects of the Department of Energy's decision to produce tritium". Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
- ^ Qian, Y.-Z.; Vogel, P.; Wasserburg, G. J. (1998). "Diverse Supernova Sources for the r-Process". Astrophysical Journal 494 (1): 285–296. arXiv:astro-ph/9706120. Bibcode:1998ApJ...494..285Q. doi:10.1086/305198.
External links
- Endothermic Definition – MSDS Hyper-Glossary
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- The complexity of condensed tannin binding to bovine serum albumin--An isothermal titration calorimetry study.
- Kilmister RL1, Faulkner P2, Downey MO2, Darby SJ3, Falconer RJ3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:173-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.144. Epub 2015 May 6.
- Isothermal titration calorimetry was applied to study the binding of purified proanthocyanidin oligomers to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The molecular weight of the proanthocyanidin oligomer had a major impact on its binding to BSA. The calculated change in enthalpy (ΔH) and association constant (Ka
- PMID 26212957
- Water decontamination via the removal of Pb (II) using a new generation of highly energetic surface nano-material: Co(+2)Mo(+6) LDH.
- Mostafa MS1, Bakr AS1, El Naggar AM2, Sultan el-SA1.
- Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2016 Jan 1;461:261-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.08.060. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
- CoMo(CO3(2-)) layered double hydroxide of a highly energetic surface, as a new LDH consisting of divalent and hexavalent cations (M(+2)/M(+6)-LDH), was prepared by a homogeneous co-precipitation method. The structure and morphology of the prepared material was confirmed by several analytical techniq
- PMID 26402785
- Solubilization of octane in cationic surfactant-anionic polymer complexes: Effect of ionic strength.
- Zhang H1, Deng L2, Sun P3, Que F4, Weiss J5.
- Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2016 Jan 1;461:88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.028. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
- Polymers may alter the ability of oppositely charged surfactant micelles to solubilize hydrophobic molecules depending on surfactant-polymer interactions. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ionic strength on the solubilization thermodynamics of an octane oil-in-water emulsion in m
- PMID 26397914
- Adsorption behavior and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution by ordered mesoporous carbon and bamboo-based carbon.
- Peng X1, Hu F2, Lam FL3, Wang Y4, Liu Z2, Dai H2.
- Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2015 Dec 15;460:349-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.08.050. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
- The performances of ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-3 (OMC), bamboo-based carbon (BC), and these two kinds of adsorbents modified by thermal treatment in the ammonia atmosphere at high temperatures were evaluated for the removal fluoroquinolone antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) from aqueous solution. The ads
- PMID 26385593
Japanese Journal
- Impact of Strain Rate on Thermomechanical Coupling Effects in TiNi SMA Subjected to Compression
- Pieczyska Elzbieta A.,Tobushi Hisaaki,Kulasinski Karol [他]
- Materials Transactions 53(11), 1905-1909, 2012-11
- NAID 40019465792
- ナノ秒高強度パルスレーザ光を使う創発的応力波の研究(1)レーザと断熱的表面光吸収ターゲットの相互作用 (超音波)
- 西脇 基晃,小木 美恵子,會澤 康治 [他]
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 : 信学技報 112(16), 29-32, 2012-04-25
- NAID 40019248184
- 米飯の熱特性,感覚特性とグリセミックインデックスに及ぼす寒天の影響
- 森高 初恵,中西 由季子,不破 眞佐子,谷井 涼子
- 日本調理科学会誌 45(2), 115-122, 2012-04-05
- 米飯摂食後の血糖値上昇抑制を目的として,米飯へ0〜2.5%寒天を添加した効果について,嗜好特性,熱特性ならびに血糖値を測定して検討した。高い濃度の寒天を添加した米飯においては,味,香り,外観は悪いと評価され,硬さは硬いと評価された。昇温DSC曲線における最も高温の吸熱ピークは,寒天添加により高温側へシフトし,エンタルピーは小さくなった。米飯摂取後120分間の血糖応答曲線において,寒天の添加により血 …
- NAID 110009437800
- 100~200℃の温度域における木材および木材構成成分の吸発熱挙動 (特集 木質材料)
Related Links
- endothermicの派生語 endothermically [副詞] endothermy [名詞] endothermism [名詞] 「endothermic」の前の言葉 endosperm endosteum endothelium 「endothermic」の後の言葉 endotoxin endotracheal endow 検索ランキング 1 ...
- Endothermic definition, Chemistry. noting or pertaining to a chemical change that is accompanied by an absorption of heat (opposed to exothermic). See more. ... Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital ...
- Endothermic Exothermic heat is absorbed (feels cold) heat is released (feels warm) energy must be added for reaction to occur reaction occurs spontaneously disorder decreases (ΔS < 0) entropy increases (ΔS > 0)
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- endothermic、endothermal
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- endothermic
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- endothermal reaction