electrolarynx

電気喉頭

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/05 01:59:05」(JST)

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An electrolarynx, sometimes referred to as a "throat back", is a medical device about the size of a small electric razor used to produce clearer speech by those people who have lost their voicebox, usually due to cancer of the larynx. The most common device is a handheld, battery-operated device placed under the mandible which produces vibrations and allow speech. Earlier non-electric devices were called mechanical larynxes. Along with developing esophageal voice, robotic voice or undergoing a surgical procedure, the electrolarynx serves as a mode of speech recovery for laryngectomy patients.

Overview

Initially, the pneumatic mechanical larynx was developed in the 1920s by Western Electric. It did not run on electricity, and was flawed in that it produced a weak voice. Electrolarynxes were introduced in the 1940s, at a time when esophageal voice was being promoted as the best course in speech recovery; however, since that technique is difficult to master, the electrolarynx became quite popular. Since then, many medical procedures, such as the tracheo-oesophageal puncture, were created to enable speech without continued dependence on a handheld device.

External media

Audio
Using A New Voice To Enjoy Life After Cancer (2:54), StoryCorps
Video
Communication after laryngectomy (8:58), South East Coast Laryngectomy Support Groups (UK)

The use of an electrolarynx can cause some social issues including difficulty ordering a drink in a noisy pub, and, when answering a telephone, the caller responds "Is this a computer that I'm speaking to?" One user states:

People are really very kind once they realize what the situation is. I may go into a restaurant once, and if I go back there a year later, and it's the same woman at the front desk, she'll say, 'Where have you been? We haven't seen you for a while.' So, I feel like a movie star...
I'm really very blessed in my life. I am happier now, without my voice, than I've ever been with my voice. It's a small price to pay for being alive and enjoying life. So I am very happy where I am now.

Fictional users

• Ned Gerblansky on South Park.
• Stemroach (David Bradley) on Ideal.
• Electrolarynx Guy (Jack Axelrod) on My Name Is Earl.
• WWE wrestler Kane, for his first two years in the company (1998-99)
• The Smoking Family from Chewin' The Fat.
• Charlie in Mad Max.
• Zimos from Saints Row The Third.
• The tobacco company representative in episode 3 of The Games.
• Sawyer the Cleaner from Black Lagoon
• The sales representative for the fictional company Hamilton's Water Breaks appearing in episode 3 of I'm Alan Partridge. The title character comments that he 'sounds like the girl in The Exorcist'
• Agents of "Leviathan" on Agent Carter
• Emilio Sanchez, one of the residents of the Lawrence Hilton Jacobs housing project on The PJs

See also

• Silent speech interface

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 無喉頭言語リハビリテーション alaryngeal speech rehabilitation
• 2. 頭頚部癌の長期生存者に対するアプローチの概要 overview of approach to long term survivors of head and neck cancer
• 3. 分娩前の胎児心拍数評価 antepartum fetal heart rate assessment
• 4. がんサバイバーに対する身体リハビリテーション physical rehabilitation for cancer survivors

English Journal

• Voice Restoration After Total Laryngectomy.

• Tang CG1, Sinclair CF2.
• Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.Otolaryngol Clin North Am.2015 Jun 18. pii: S0030-6665(15)00059-6. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.04.013. [Epub ahead of print]
• The ability to speak and communicate vocally is a unique human characteristic that is often taken for granted but is fundamental to many activities of daily living. Loss of voice after total laryngectomy can lead to a serious decrease in quality of life and can precipitate significant frustration ov
• PMID 26093944

• Secondary tracheoesophageal puncture using transnasal esophagoscopy in gastric pull-up reconstruction following total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy.

• Noel D1, Fink DS1,2, Kunduk M1,2,3, Schexnaildre MA, DiLeo M1,4, McWhorter AJ1,2,3.
• Head & neck.Head Neck.2015 Jun 3. doi: 10.1002/hed.24154. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: There is debate about the optimal voice restoration method and technique for patients who have undergone total laryngopharyngectomy, esophagectomy and gastric pull-up. We report a series of patients who underwent awake, secondary tracheo-esophageal puncture after this procedure.METHODS:
• PMID 26040433

• The electrolarynx improves communication in a selected group of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a feasibility study.

• Tuinman PR1, Ten Hoorn S, Aalders YJ, Elbers PW, Girbes AR.
• Intensive care medicine.Intensive Care Med.2015 Mar;41(3):547-8. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3591-2. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
• PMID 25488700

Japanese Journal

• 統計的音源予測に基づく電気式人工喉頭制御法のシミュレーションによる評価

• 田中 宏,戸田 智基,ニュービッグ グラム [他]
• 聴覚研究会資料 = Proceedings of the auditory research meeting 44(5), 277-282, 2014-06-19
• NAID 40020156714

• 統計的音源予測に基づく電気式人工喉頭制御法のシミュレーションによる評価 (福祉情報工学)

• 田中 宏,戸田 智基,ニュービッグ グラム [他]
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(92), 33-38, 2014-06-19
• NAID 40020125056

• 統計的音源予測に基づく電気式人工喉頭制御法のシミュレーションによる評価 (音声)

• 田中 宏,戸田 智基,ニュービッグ グラム [他]
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 114(91), 33-38, 2014-06-19
• NAID 40020124846

Related Links

• Lauder-The Electrolarynx Co.

Welcome to Lauder - The ElectroLarynx Company a division of Lauder Enterprises, Inc. Our most important goal is to make available the very best speech aids and laryngectomee products to our customers at fair prices. Our ...

• Griffin Laboratories - Mfr. of the TruTone® Electrolarynx ...

An Electrolarynx is typically used after a laryngectomy operation, usually due to cancer of the larynx. The TruTone® Electrolarynx is the most natural sounding Electronic Speech Aid available! It is the only Electronic Speech Aid with ...

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リンク元

「電気喉頭」

「電気喉頭」

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英

electrolarynx, EL

関

喉頭