bungarotoxin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/20 01:02:36」(JST)

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Bungarotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxic proteins derived from the venom of kraits including Bungarus multicinctus.^[1] α-Bungarotoxin inhibits the binding of acetylcholine (ACh) to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; β- and γ-bungarotoxins act presynaptically causing excessive acetylcholine release and subsequent depletion. Both α and β forms have been characterized, the α being similar to the long or Type II neurotoxins from other elapid venoms.

There are three types:

α-Bungarotoxin
β-Bungarotoxin
γ-Bungarotoxin

History[edit source | edit]

Banded Krait venom began to be studied by Chuan-Chiung Chang and Chen-Yuan Lee of the National Taiwan University in the 1950s;^[2] however, it was not until 1963 that its components were separated and isolated.^[3]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Bungarotoxins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Chang C (1999). "Looking back on the discovery of alpha-bungarotoxin". J. Biomed. Sci. 6 (6): 368–75. PMID 10545772.
^ Chu N (2005). "Contribution of a snake venom toxin to myasthenia gravis: the discovery of alpha-bungarotoxin in Taiwan". Journal of the history of the neurosciences 14 (2): 138–48. doi:10.1080/096470490881770. PMID 16019658.

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1. 神経筋接合部に作用する毒素の概要 overview of neuromuscular junction toxins

English Journal

Cross-Neutralisation of In Vitro Neurotoxicity of Asian and Australian Snake Neurotoxins and Venoms by Different Antivenoms.

Silva A1,2, Hodgson WC3, Isbister GK4,5.
Toxins.Toxins (Basel).2016 Oct 18;8(10). pii: E302.
There is limited information on the cross-neutralisation of neurotoxic venoms with antivenoms. Cross-neutralisation of the in vitro neurotoxicity of four Asian and four Australian snake venoms, four post-synaptic neurotoxins (α-bungarotoxin, α-elapitoxin-Nk2a, α-elapitoxin-Ppr1 and α-scutoxin; 1
PMID 27763543

Peptides from puff adder Bitis arietans venom, novel inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Vulfius CA1, Spirova EN2, Serebryakova MV3, Shelukhina IV2, Kudryavtsev DS2, Kryukova EV2, Starkov VG2, Kopylova NV4, Zhmak MN5, Ivanov IA2, Kudryashova KS2, Andreeva TV2, Tsetlin VI2, Utkin YN6.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.Toxicon.2016 Oct;121:70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.020. Epub 2016 Aug 26.
Phospholipase A2 (named bitanarin) possessing capability to block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was isolated earlier (Vulfius et al., 2011) from puff adder Bitis arietans venom. Further studies indicated that low molecular weight fractions of puff adder venom inhibit nAChRs as well. In
PMID 27576061

High Throughput Random Mutagenesis and Single Molecule Real Time Sequencing of the Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.

Groot-Kormelink PJ1, Ferrand S2, Kelley N3, Bill A4, Freuler F2, Imbert PE2, Marelli A5, Gerwin N1, Sivilotti LG6, Miraglia L5, Orth AP5, Oakeley EJ3, Schopfer U2, Siehler S2.
PloS one.PLoS One.2016 Sep 20;11(9):e0163129. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163129. eCollection 2016.
High throughput random mutagenesis is a powerful tool to identify which residues are important for the function of a protein, and gain insight into its structure-function relation. The human muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was used to test whether this technique previously used for monomeric
PMID 27649498

Japanese Journal

Overdose of D-serine Induces Movement Disorder and Neuromuscular Changes of Zebrafish Larvae

Chen Xing-Guang,Wang Yun-Hsin,Wen Chi-Chung,Chen Yau-Hung
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 27(1), 19-24, 2014
… Subtle changes are easily observed by staining with specific monoclonal antibodies F59, Znp1, Zn5 and α-bungarotoxin to detect morphological changes in muscle fibers, primary motor axons, secondary motor axon projections and neuromuscular junctions, respectively. …
NAID 130003382470

ES細胞由来間葉系幹細胞（E-MSCs）は損傷骨格筋の機能回復を促進する

蜷川菜々,小林麻美,磯部恵里,川端佑果,平山由梨,鳥橋茂子
日本理学療法学術大会 2011(0), Ab1106-Ab1106, 2012
… 1・2・3週間後凍結切片を作成し、HE染色、EGFP、MHC、M-cadherin、SMI31、α-Bungarotoxin免疫蛍光染色を行い移植細胞の動態と末梢神経と損傷骨格筋の再生過程を観察した。 …
NAID 130004692530