bryopsida

蘚綱

関

Ceratodon、Musci、Physcomitrella

WordNet

1. true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales (同)class Bryopsida, Musci, class Musci

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/28 15:52:27」(JST)

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Bryopsida
Arthrodontous capsule of Dicranella varia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Bryophyta
Class:	Bryopsida (Limpr.) Rothm.
Subclasses
Bryidae Buxbaumiidae Dicranidae Diphysciidae Funariidae Timmiidae

The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world.

The group is distinguished by having spore capsules with teeth that are arthrodontous; the teeth are separate from each other and jointed at the base where they attach to the opening of the capsule. These teeth are exposed when the covering operculum falls off. In other groups of mosses, the capsule is either nematodontous with an attached operculum, or else splits open without operculum or teeth.

Capsule structure

Among the Bryopsida, the structure of the capsule (sporangium) and its pattern of development is very useful both for classifying and for identifying moss families. Most Bryopsida produce a capsule with a lid (the operculum) which falls off when the spores inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed. The opening thus revealed is called the stoma (meaning "mouth") and is surrounded by one or two peristomes. A peristome is a ring of triangular "teeth" formed from the remnants of specially thickened cell walls. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, and in the Bryopsida the teeth are separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma. This articulation of the teeth is termed arthrodontous.

There are two basic arthrodontous peristome types. The first type is termed haplolepidous and consists of a single circle of 16 peristome teeth. This type of peristome is characteristic of subclass Dicranidae. The second type is the diplolepidous peristome found in subclasses Bryidae, Funariidae, and Timmiidae. In this type, there are two rings of peristome teeth—an inner endostome (short for endoperistome) and an exostome. The endostome is a more delicate membrane, and its teeth are aligned between the teeth of the exostome. There are a few mosses in the Bryopsida that have no peristome in their capsules. These mosses still undergo the same cell division patterns in capsule development, but the teeth do not fully develop.

Classification

In the past, the group Bryopsida included all mosses. Current circumscriptions of the group are more limited.

class Bryopsida subclass Buxbaumiidae (only Buxbaumia) subclass Diphysciidae (only Diphyscium) subclass Timmiidae (only Timmia) subclass Funariidae (5 families) subclass Dicranidae (24 families) subclass Bryidae (71 families)	Oedipodiopsida Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida Buxbaumiidae Diphysciidae Timmiidae Funariidae Dicranidae Bryidae Bryanae (paraphyletic) Hypnanae
The current composition and phylogeny of the Bryopsida.

References

English Journal

• Population structure and genetic diversity in the nannandrous moss Homalothecium lutescens: does the dwarf male system facilitate gene flow?

• Rosengren F1, Hansson B2, Cronberg N3.
• BMC evolutionary biology.BMC Evol Biol.2015 Dec 3;15:270. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0545-4.
• BACKGROUND: Nannandry is a sexual system where males ("dwarf males") are much smaller than the conspecific females. Dwarf males occur in a wide range of unrelated organisms but the evolutionary advantages of this condition are poorly understood. The dwarf male sexual system results in differences in
• PMID 26634921

• Plant Raf-like kinase integrates abscisic acid and hyperosmotic stress signaling upstream of SNF1-related protein kinase2.

• Saruhashi M1, Kumar Ghosh T1, Arai K1, Ishizaki Y1, Hagiwara K1, Komatsu K2, Shiwa Y3, Izumikawa K4, Yoshikawa H5, Umezawa T6, Sakata Y7, Takezawa D8.
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2015 Nov 17;112(46):E6388-96. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1511238112. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
• Plant response to drought and hyperosmosis is mediated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), a sesquiterpene compound widely distributed in various embryophyte groups. Exogenous ABA as well as hyperosmosis activates the sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2), which plays a
• PMID 26540727

• [Litter decomposition and lignocellulose enzyme activities of Actinothuidium hookeri and Cys- topteris montana in alpine timberline ecotone of western Sichuan, China].

• Chen YM, He RL, Deng CC, Yang WQ, Zhang J, Yang L, Liu Y.
• Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban.Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao.2015 Nov;26(11):3251-8.
• The mass loss and lignocellulose enzyme activities of Actinothuidium hookeri residues and Cystopteris montana leaf litter in coniferous forest and timberline of western Sichuan, China were investigated. The results showed that both the mass loss rates of A. hookeri and C. Montana in timberline were
• PMID 26915177

Japanese Journal

• Notes on Aptychella (Sematophyllaceae, Bryopsida) : Yakushimabryum longissimum, syn. nov.

• Suzuki Tadashi,Inoue Yuya,Tsubota Hiromi [他]
• Hattoria : hattoria is dedicated to the Japanese bryologist, Dr. Sinske Hattori (4), 107-118, 2013-04
• NAID 40019721576

• Species of Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) newly found in Japan

• Suzuki Tadashi,Iwatsuki Zennoske
• Hattoria : hattoria is dedicated to the Japanese bryologist, Dr. Sinske Hattori (4), 71-85, 2013-04
• NAID 40019721519

• Collections of Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, Bryopsida) made by Messrs. T. Kamiyama & K. Shiina in Laos

• Suzuki Tadashi,Iwatsuki Zennoske
• Hattoria : hattoria is dedicated to the Japanese bryologist, Dr. Sinske Hattori (4), 47-70, 2013-04
• NAID 40019721503

Related Links

• Bryopsidaとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world. The group is distinguished by having spore capsules with ...

• Other Names for Bryopsida - Tree of Life Web Project

Despite all orders sharing a basic arthrodontous peristome, the Bryopsida comprises a diverse set of species of various gametophytic morphologies. Branching systems combine pinnate (monopodial) and stepwise extension of new ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「蘚綱」「Ceratodon」「Musci」「Physcomitrella」

「蘚綱」

　　[★]

英

bryopsida、Musci

関

蘚類、ヤノウエノアカゴケ属、ニセツリガネゴケ、スギゴケ類

「Ceratodon」

　　[★]

ヤノウエノアカゴケ属、セラトドン属、Ceratodon属

関

bryopsida、Physcomitrella

「Musci」

　　[★]

• 蘚類、スギゴケ類、蘚綱

関

Bryophyta、bryopsida、moss

「Physcomitrella」

　　[★]

ニセツリガネゴケ

関

bryopsida、Ceratodon、Physcomitrella patens