WordNet

asexual reproduction by budding
theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/18 14:19:42」(JST)

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae reproducing by budding

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism only when it is mature, leaving behind scar tissue. Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly created organism is a clone and is genetically identical to the parent organism.

Organisms such as hydra use regenerative cells for reproduction in the process of budding. In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site. These buds develop into tiny individuals and when fully mature, detach from the parent body and become new independent individuals.

Internal budding or endodyogeny is a process of asexual reproduction, favoured by parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. It involves an unusual process in which two daughter cells are produced inside a mother cell, which is then consumed by the offspring prior to their separation.^[1]

Endopolygeny is the division into several organisms at once by internal budding.^[1]

Animal reproduction

Hydra with two buds

In multicellular animals (metazoans) offspring may develop as outgrowths of the mother. Animals that reproduce by budding include corals, some sponges, some acoel flatworms (e.g. Convolutriloba) and echinoderm larvae.

Cellular budding

Some cells split via budding, for example Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast species used in baking and brewing. This process results in a 'mother' and a smaller 'daughter' cell.

Virology

In virology, budding is a form of viral shedding by which enveloped viruses acquire their external envelope from the host cell membrane, which bulges outwards and encloses the virion.

Plant multiplication

In agriculture and horticulture, budding refers to grafting the bud of one plant onto another.

References

^ ^a ^b James Desmond Smyth, Derek Wakelin (1994). Introduction to animal parasitology (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 0-521-42811-4.

English Journal

Diabetic embryopathy: a developmental perspective from fertilization to adulthood.

Castori M.SourceDivision of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Molecular syndromology.Mol Syndromol.2013 Feb;4(1-2):74-86. doi: 10.1159/000345205.
Maternal diabetes mellitus is one of the strongest human teratogens. Despite recent advances in the fields of clinical embryology, experimental teratology and preventive medicine, diabetes-related perturbations of the maternofetal unit maintain a considerable impact on the Healthcare System. Classic
PMID 23653578

Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress and induces cellular proliferation of lymphoid tissues of a tropical rodent, Funambulus pennanti, during reproductively active phase.

Seema R, Chandana H.SourceDepartment of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, 495009 Chhattisgarh, India. raiseema_pk@rediffmail.com
Protoplasma.Protoplasma.2013 Feb;250(1):21-32. doi: 10.1007/s00709-011-0367-1. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
Effect of melatonin treatment on free radical production was assessed with simultaneous investigation of hormonal level (melatonin and testosterone), blastogenic response, stimulation index, and histological observation of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, and bone marrow) in male Indian palm squirre
PMID 22205185

Evaluation of antigenicity and cell mediated immunity of hepatitis E virus patients: using non radioactive MTT assay.

Majumdar M, Ratho R, Chawla Y, Singh MP.SourceDepartment of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Indian journal of medical microbiology.Indian J Med Microbiol.2013 Jan-Mar;31(1):64-8. doi: 10.4103/0255-0857.108725.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of hepatitis in developing nations. Disease spans from asymptomatic infection to acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and acute liver failure (ALF). Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is less studied. Studies document CMI in HEV patients using [3 H]-thymidine incorpora
PMID 23508432

Japanese Journal

Lymphocyte Blastogenic Responses to Food Antigens in Cats Showing Clinical Symptoms of Food Hypersensitivity

, , [他], ,
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74(6), 821-825, 2012
Three cats were diagnosed as having food hypersensitivity by food elimination and oral food provocation tests. Twelve allergenic food ingredients were identified by oral food provocation test in the 3 …
NAID 130002090068

ポリスチレンスルホン酸カルシウム内服中に直腸穿孔を発症した腹膜透析患者の1例

小林和裕,井上勉,池田直史 [他],鈴木洋通,伴慎一
日本透析医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 41(3), 199-205, 2008-03-28
ポリスチレンスルホン酸カルシウム（calcium polystyrene sulfonate：CPS）は急性および慢性腎不全による高カリウム血症の治療に用いられる陽イオン交換樹脂の一つである．CPSの副作用としては便秘がよく知られており下剤が併用されることが多い．またソルビトールを懸濁に用いた症例で腸管の潰瘍・壊死・穿孔が報告され添付文書にもソルビトールによる懸濁を行わないことと記載されている．一 …
NAID 10023973916

乳牛の末梢血液中の好中球およびリンパ球機能に及ぼす活性卵白粉末の影響

佐藤繁,岡田啓司,鈴木利行
日本獣医師会雑誌 = Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 59(7), 464-466, 2006-07-20
活性卵白粉末（AEWP：500mg／kg）を1回経口投与した乳牛において末梢血液中の好中球ニトロブルーテトラゾリウム（NB）還元能とリンパ球幼若化能の推移を検討した。好中球NB還元能は投与日から翌日にかけて上昇し、3日目まで高値を呈して5日目には投与前と同様の値を示した。PHAとCcnAに対するリンパ球幼若化能は、投与翌日から急激に上昇し、2日目と3日目あるいは5日目に高値を呈して7日目には投与前 …
NAID 10017621338