関: bacterial fimbria、bacterial pili、bacterial pilus

WordNet

(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants (同)bacterium
thin projections forming a fringe (especially around the ovarian end of the Fallopian tube)
relating to or caused by bacteria; "bacterial infection"

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『バクテリア』,細菌
バクテリアの,細菌の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/21 14:20:22」(JST)

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Escherichia coli.

In bacteriology, a fimbria [(plural fimbriae); also referred to as "attachment pili" by some scientists] is an appendage composed of curlin proteins that can be found on many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria that is thinner and shorter than a flagellum. This appendage ranges from 3-10 nanometers in diameter and can be up to several micrometers long. Fimbriae are used by bacteria to adhere to one another and to adhere to animal cells and some inanimate objects. A bacterium can have as many as 1,000 fimbriae. Fimbriae are only visible with the use of an electron microscope. They may be straight or flexible.

Fimbriae carry adhesins which attach them to the substratum (E. coli uses them to attach to mannose receptors) so that the bacteria can withstand shear forces and obtain nutrients.

Some aerobic bacteria form a thin layer at the surface of a broth culture. This layer, called a pellicle, consists of many aerobic bacteria that adhere to the surface by their fimbriae or "attachment pili". Thus, fimbriae allow the aerobic bacteria to remain on the broth, from which they take nutrients, while they congregate near the air.

Virulence

Fimbriae are one of the primary mechanisms of virulence for E. coli, Bordetella pertussis, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus bacteria. Their presence greatly enhances the bacteria's ability to attach to the host and cause disease.^[1]

References

^ Connell I, Agace W, Klemm P, Schembri M, Mărild S, Svanborg C (September 1996). "Type 1 fimbrial expression enhances Escherichia coli virulence for the urinary tract". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (18): 9827–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9827. PMC 38514. PMID 8790416.

External links

Fimbriae Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 尿路感染症における細菌付着およびその他の病原因子 bacterial adherence and other virulence factors for urinary tract infection
2. 肺炎桿菌感染症の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of klebsiella pneumoniae infection
3. 髄膜炎菌の微生物学および病理生物学 microbiology and pathobiology of neisseria meningitidis
4. 細菌性髄膜炎の病因および病態生理 pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis
5. 無症候性細菌尿のある成人に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with asymptomatic bacteriuria

English Journal

Cellular, particle and environmental parameters influencing attachment in surface waters: a review.

Liao C1,2, Liang X3, Soupir ML3, Jarboe LR2.
Journal of applied microbiology.J Appl Microbiol.2015 Aug;119(2):315-30. doi: 10.1111/jam.12860. Epub 2015 Jun 28.
Effective modelling of the fate and transport of water-borne pathogens is needed to support federally required pollution-reduction plans, for water quality improvement planning, and to protect public health. Lack of understanding of microbial-particle interactions in water bodies has sometimes led t
PMID 26033178

A Major Fimbrilin Variant of Mfa1 Fimbriae in Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Nagano K1, Hasegawa Y2, Yoshida Y2, Yoshimura F2.
Journal of dental research.J Dent Res.2015 Aug;94(8):1143-8. doi: 10.1177/0022034515588275. Epub 2015 May 22.
The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is known to express 2 distinct types of fimbriae: FimA and Mfa1 fimbriae. However, we previously reported that fimbria-like structures were found in a P. gingivalis strain in which neither FimA nor Mfa1 fimbriae were detected. In this study, we ident
PMID 26001707

Phenotypic changes contributing to Enterobacter gergoviae biocide resistance.

Périamé M1, Philippe N1,2, Condell O3, Fanning S3, Pagès JM1, Davin-Regli A1.
Letters in applied microbiology.Lett Appl Microbiol.2015 Aug;61(2):121-9. doi: 10.1111/lam.12435. Epub 2015 May 29.
Enterobacter gergoviae is a recurrent contaminant of cosmetic and hygiene products. To understand how this bacterium adapts to biocides, we studied Ent. gergoviae CIP 76.01 and its triclosan and Methylisothiazolinone-chloromethylisothiazolinone (MIT-CMIT) tolerant isogenic mutants. They were compar
PMID 25919899

Japanese Journal

歯周病関連細菌Porphyromonas gingivalisのFimA線毛に関する研究

永野恵司
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 133(9), 963-974, 2013
… The periodontal disease-associated bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis primarily uses FimA fimbriae for adhesion to and colonization in the gingival tissues. … The fimbriae show a filamentous structure that is composed of polymer of FimA encoded by the fimA gene. … FimC, FimD and FimE are associated with the fimbriae as minor components. … FimB anchors the fimbriae to the bacterial surface and regulates their length. …
NAID 130003361990

Distribution of Virulence Genes Related to Adhesions and Toxins in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Healthy Cattle and Diarrheal Patients in Japan

Wu Yuluo,Hinenoya Atsushi,Taguchi Takashi [他],NAGITA Akira,SHIMA Kensuke,TSUKAMOTO Teizo,SUGIMOTO Norihiko,ASAKURA Masahiro,YAMASAKI Shinji
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 72(5), 589-597, 2010
… A total of 232 STEC strains including 171 from cattle and 61 from human were examined for the occurrence of genes responsible for bacterial adhesions to intestine, e.g., eae (intimin, E. … coli factor for adherence), lpfAO113 (long polar fimbriae), and ehaA (EHEC autotransporter) by colony hybridization assay. …
NAID 130000168009

Streptococcus intermediusの感染に関与する付着機構

山口泰平,YAMAGUCHI Taihei
鹿児島大学歯学部紀要 28, 27-37, 2008-03-26
… The first step of bacterial infection is adherence to host tissue. … This organism possessed particular-type fimbriae expanded from the cell surface. … Molecular biological approach demonstrated that the appendages were associated with bacterial aggregation and adherence mediated by human saliva. … However, bacterial aggregation titer was not directly associated with adherence titer nor clinical data concerning dental caries among five healthy male. …
NAID 120001392932