WordNet
- perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information; "The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech"
- a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls" (同)physical process
- (psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the cognitive operation of remembering" (同)cognitive_process, mental_process, operation, cognitive operation
- a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" (同)outgrowth, appendage
- a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial" (同)unconscious process
- subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat the water so it can be drunk"; "treat the lawn with chemicals" ; "treat an oil spill" (同)treat
- deal with in a routine way; "Ill handle that one"; "process a loan"; "process the applicants"
- preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
- subjected to a special process or treatment; "prepared ergot"; "processed cheeses are easy to spread"
- prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process; "processed ores"
- terminate; "The NSF axed the research program and stopped funding it" (同)axe
- an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle (同)axe
- long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron (同)axone
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (自然の)『作用』,過程 / (物事の)『手順』,方法 / (技術上の)製法,工程 / 召喚状,出頭令状;訴訟過程 / (動植物の組織の)隆起,突起 / 加工(処理,調整)した / 〈食品〉‘を'加工する / 〈写真フイルム〉‘を'現像する / 〈資料〉‘を'コンピューターにかける / …‘を'一定の手順で処理する,(整理する,調査する)
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 外傷性単神経障害 traumatic mononeuropathies
- 2. 距骨骨折 talus fractures
- 3. 気道の神経制御 neuronal control of the airways
- 4. 多発性神経障害の概要 overview of polyneuropathy
- 5. Complex regional pain syndrome in adults: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis
English Journal
- Serotonin-immunoreactive sensory neurons in the antenna of the cockroach Periplaneta americana.
- Watanabe H, Shimohigashi M, Yokohari F.Author information Division of Biology, Department of Earth System Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.AbstractThe antennae of insects contain a vast array of sensory neurons that process olfactory, gustatory, mechanosensory, hygrosensory, and thermosensory information. Except those with multimodal functions, most sensory neurons use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Using immunohistochemistry combined with retrograde staining of antennal sensory neurons in the cockroach Periplaneta americana, we found serotonin-immunoreactive sensory neurons in the antenna. These were selectively distributed in chaetic and scolopidial sensilla and in the scape, the pedicel, and first 15 segments of the flagellum. In a chaetic sensillum, A single serotonin-immunoreactive sensory neuron cohabited with up to four serotonin-negative sensory neurons. Based on their morphological features, serotonin-immunopositive and -negative sensory neurons might process mechanosensory and contact chemosensory modalities, respectively. Scolopidial sensilla constitute the chordotonal and Johnston's organs within the pedicel and process antennal vibrations. Immunoelectron microscopy clearly revealed that serotonin-immunoreactivities selectively localize to a specific type of mechanosensory neuron, called type 1 sensory neuron. In a chordotonal scolopidial sensillum, a serotonin-immunoreactive type 1 neuron always paired with a serotonin-negative type 1 neuron. Conversely, serotonin-immunopositive and -negative type 1 neurons were randomly distributed in Johnston's organ. In the deutocerebrum, serotonin-immunoreactive sensory neuron axons formed three different sensory tracts and those from distinct types of sensilla terminated in distinct brain regions. Our findings indicate that a biogenic amine, serotonin, may act as a neurotransmitter in peripheral mechanosensory neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:414-434, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb;522(2):414-34. doi: 10.1002/cne.23419.
- The antennae of insects contain a vast array of sensory neurons that process olfactory, gustatory, mechanosensory, hygrosensory, and thermosensory information. Except those with multimodal functions, most sensory neurons use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Using immunohistochemistry combined wi
- PMID 23852943
- Combination of memantine and vitamin D prevents axon degeneration induced by amyloid-beta and glutamate.
- Annweiler C, Brugg B, Peyrin JM, Bartha R, Beauchet O.Author information Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; University Memory Clinic, Angers, France; UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, UNAM, Angers, France; Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: CeAnnweiler@chu-angers.fr.AbstractThe currently available drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease are symptomatic and only temporarily slow down the natural history of the disease process. Recently, its has been proposed that the combination of memantine with vitamin D, a neurosteroid hormone, may prevent amyloid-beta and glutamate neurotoxicity. Here, our purpose was to examine the potential protective effects of memantine and vitamin D against amyloid-beta peptide and glutamate toxicity in cortical neuronal cultures. We provide the first evidence that cortical axons degenerate less after exposure to amyloid-beta peptide or glutamate in microfluidic neuronal cultures enriched with memantine plus vitamin D compared to control medium and cultures enriched with only memantine or only vitamin D. The reported synergistic neuroprotective effect of memantine plus vitamin D -the combination originating an effect stronger than the sum- corroborate previous clinical finding that Alzheimer's disease patients using this drug combination have improved cognition. This finding reinforces the pharmacological potential of a new drug combining memantine plus vitamin D for the treatment or the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
- Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Feb;35(2):331-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.07.029. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
- The currently available drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease are symptomatic and only temporarily slow down the natural history of the disease process. Recently, its has been proposed that the combination of memantine with vitamin D, a neurosteroid hormone, may prevent amyloid-beta and glutama
- PMID 24011542
- Hippocampal subregion-specific microRNA expression during epileptogenesis in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy.
- Gorter JA1, Iyer A2, White I3, Colzi A4, van Vliet EA1, Sisodiya S5, Aronica E6.Author information 1Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; SEIN - Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands.2Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Center, University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands.3UCB Celltech, Experimental Medicine and Diagnostics, 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, UK.4UCB Pharma, Neurosciences Discovery Medicine, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.5Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. Electronic address: s.sisodiya@ucl.ac.uk.6Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Center, University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands; SEIN - Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands. Electronic address: e.aronica@amc.uva.nl.AbstractSince aberrant miRNA expression has been implicated in numerous brain diseases, we studied miRNA expression and miRNA regulation of important signaling pathways during temporal lobe epileptogenesis in order to identify possible targets for epilepsy therapy. The temporal profile of miRNA expression was analyzed in three brain regions (CA1; dentate gyrus, DG; parahippocampal cortex, PHC) associated with epileptogenesis in a rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy. Tissue was obtained after electrically-induced status epilepticus (SE) at 1day (n=5), 1week (n=5) and 3-4months (n=5), and compared with control tissue (n=10) using the Exiqon microRNA arrays which contain capture probes targeting all miRNAs for rat (p<0.01, and a 1.5 fold up- or downregulation). Expression of three blood plasma miRNAs from the same group of rats was also investigated in rats in order to determine whether plasma miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers of the epileptogenic process. Molecular pathways potentially altered by the expression of multiple miRNAs were identified using a web-based algorithm, DIANA. In CA1 and DG, more upregulated than downregulated miRNAs were present during each stage after SE. The highest numbers of upregulated miRNAs were encountered during the chronic stage in the DG. In PHC, a high number of downregulated miRNAs were detected. Key pathways involved, based upon quantitatively altered miRNA expression were: axon guidance, MAPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, TGFβ, ErbB-, Wnt- and mTOR signaling, and regulation of actin skeleton. Expression of plasma miRNAs was differentially regulated after induction of SE. This study identified several signaling pathways possibly involved in temporal lobe epileptogenesis, not previously indicated by RNA microarray studies. These include miRNAs that regulate the ErbB and Wnt pathways and focal adhesion, which may represent interesting new targets for therapeutic interventions.
- Neurobiology of disease.Neurobiol Dis.2014 Feb;62:508-20. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.10.026. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
- Since aberrant miRNA expression has been implicated in numerous brain diseases, we studied miRNA expression and miRNA regulation of important signaling pathways during temporal lobe epileptogenesis in order to identify possible targets for epilepsy therapy. The temporal profile of miRNA expression w
- PMID 24184920
Japanese Journal
- Effective Cellular Morphology Analysis for Differentiation Processes by a Fluorescent 1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene Derivative Probe in Live Cells
- PLOS ONE 11(8), e0160625, 2016-08-04
- NAID 120005851071
- From migration to settlement: the pathways, migration modes and dynamics of neurons in the developing brain
- Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 92(1), 1-19, 2016
- NAID 130005118553
- Phase-field modeling for axonal extension of nerve cells
- Mechanical Engineering Journal 2(3), 15-00063-15-00063, 2015
- NAID 130005076459
Related Links
- axon [ak´son] the process of a nerve cell along which impulses travel away from the cell body. It branches at its termination, forming synapses at other nerve cells or effector organs. Many axons are covered by a myelin sheath formed ...
- Axonal process An obsolete term for axon. Retrieved from "http://www.biology-online.org/bodict/index.php?title=Axonal_process&oldid=51705" First | Previous (Axon terminals) | Next (Axonal terminal boutons) | Last free to . | | | | ...
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「軸索突起」「axonal process」 |
| 関連記事 | 「process」「processing」 |
「軸索突起」
「axonal process」
「process」
- n.
- 工程、過程。方法
- 突起
「processing」
- n.