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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/02 02:06:56」(JST)

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Aviadenoviruses are adenoviruses that affect birds - particularly chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants. They are non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses that are 74–80 nm in diameter, having a double stranded DNA genome of approximately 26–45 kilo–base pairs (kbp) and a guanine/cytosine content of 53–59%. The viruses causes specific disease syndromes such as Quail Bronchitis (QB), Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS), Haemorrhagic Enteritis (HE), Pheasant Marble Spleen Disease (MSD) and Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH).

Avian adenoviruses have a worldwide distribution and it is common to find multiple species on a single farm. The most common serogroups are serogroup 1, 2 and 3. Avian adenoviruses are not capable of being transmitted from birds to people.

The virus is mainly spread horizontally by the oro-fecal route, but vertical transmission can occur in serogroup 1. Once it has infected the bird the virus may remain latent until a period of stress, when it may then cause clinical disease.

Clinical signs and diagnosis[edit]

Infections are normally subclinical, however clinical disease can occur - especially in young birds as maternal antibody levels begin to wane.

Clinical signs are related to the organ effected:

Signs of gastrointestinal disease (Haemorrhagic Enteritis) include diarrhea, anorexia, melena and hematochezia. Anaemia and dehydration may develop secondary to this haemorrhagic enteritis. Signs of reproductive disease (Egg Drop Syndrome) include low egg production/hatching and the laying of abnormal eggs (size, shape, colour, texture). Adenovirus infection may infect other organs, causing a splenitis, inclusion body hepatitis, bronchitis, pulmonary congestion ventriculitis, pancreatitis, or oedema, depending on the species of bird infected.

Diagnosis of aviadenovirus is by histopathology, electron microscopy, viral isolation and ELISA. In addition, virus antigen can be detected double immunodiffusion. Postmortem examination may reveal a variety of clinical signs relating directly to the organ affected. Specifically, Egg Drop Syndrome can be diagnosed by hemagglutinin inhibition and the virus causes haemagglutination in chickens and ducks.

Treatment and control[edit]

Vaccines for HE and EDS are available (ATCvet codes: QI01AA05 for the inactivated vaccine, QI01AD05 for the live vaccine, plus various combinations). Disease incidence may be reduced by minimising stress levels, using appropriate hygiene measures and providing adequate nutrition.

Taxonomy[edit]

Currently, there are eight recognized species. The type species is Fowl adenovirus A.

Family Adenoviridae
- Genus Aviadenovirus
  - Species: Falcon adenovirus A, Fowl adenovirus A, Fowl adenovirus B, Fowl adenovirus C, Fowl adenovirus D, Fowl adenovirus E, Goose adenovirus A, Turkey adenovirus B

References[edit]

Avian Adenoviruses, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http://en.wikivet.net/Avian_Adenoviruses, accessed 18/08/2011.

External links[edit]

Viralzone: Adenovirus
Adenovirus Taxonomy 2005
Diagnosis of Adenovirus Infections in Psittacine Birds by DNA in situ Hybridization

English Journal

Application of cross-priming amplification (CPA) for detection of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) strains.

Niczyporuk JS1, Woźniakowski G, Samorek-Salamonowicz E.
Archives of virology.Arch Virol.2015 Apr;160(4):1005-13. doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2355-9. Epub 2015 Feb 6.
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are widely distributed among chickens. Detection of FAdVs is mainly accomplished by virus isolation, serological assays, various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). To increase the diagnostic capacity of currently appli
PMID 25655263

A novel psittacine adenovirus identified during an outbreak of avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis: zoonosis associated with virus-bacterium coinfection in birds.

To KK1, Tse H1, Chan WM2, Choi GK2, Zhang AJ1, Sridhar S2, Wong SC2, Chan JF1, Chan AS2, Woo PC1, Lau SK1, Lo JY3, Chan KH1, Cheng VC2, Yuen KY1.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases.PLoS Negl Trop Dis.2014 Dec 4;8(12):e3318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003318. eCollection 2014.
Chlamydophila psittaci is found worldwide, but is particularly common among psittacine birds in tropical and subtropical regions. While investigating a human psittacosis outbreak that was associated with avian chlamydiosis in Hong Kong, we identified a novel adenovirus in epidemiologically linked Me
PMID 25474263

Molecular differentiation and pathogenicity of Aviadenoviruses isolated during an outbreak of inclusion body hepatitis in South Africa.

Joubert HW1, Aitchison H, Maartens LH, Venter EH.
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.J S Afr Vet Assoc.2014 Nov 5;85(1):1058. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v85i1.1058.
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a member of the genus Aviadenovirus and causes a number of economically important poultry diseases. One of these diseases, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), has a worldwide distribution and is characterised by acute mortality (5% - 20%) in production chickens. The disease was
PMID 25685902