パイロコッカス、パイロコッカス属、Pyrococcus属
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/25 17:09:29」(JST)
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| Pyrococcus |
| Scientific classification |
| Domain: |
Archaea |
| Kingdom: |
Euryarchaeota |
| Phylum: |
Euryarchaeota |
| Class: |
Thermococci |
| Order: |
Thermococcales |
| Family: |
Thermococcaceae |
| Genus: |
Pyrococcus
Fiala and Stetter, 1986 |
| Species |
- P. abyssi
- P. endeavori
- P. furiosus
- P. glycovorans
- P. horikoshii
- P. woesei
|
Pyrococcus is a genus of Thermococcaceaen archaean.[1]
Contents
- 1 Description and significance
- 2 Genome structure
- 3 Cell structure and metabolism
- 4 Ecology
- 5 References
- 6 Further reading
- 6.1 Scientific journals
- 6.2 Scientific books
- 6.3 Scientific databases
- 7 External links
Description and significance
Pyrococcus has similar characteristics of other thermoautotrophican archaea such as Archaeoglobus, and Methanococcus in the respect that they are all thermophilic and anaerobic. Pyrococcus differs, however, because its optimal growth temperature is nearly 100 °C and dwells at a greater sea depth than the other archaea. Studying Pyrococcus helps give insight to possible mechanisms used to endure extreme environmental conditions like high temperatures and high pressure.
Genome structure
Three of the Pyrococcus species have been sequenced. P. furiosus is the largest containing 1.9Mb followed by P. abyssi with 1.8Mb and P. horikoshii with 1.7Mb.[citation needed] The genomes encode for many different metabolic enzymes which gives themselves a wider spectrum of living conditions because they can transport and metabolize a wide range of organic substances. Variation was detected between species as well.
Cell structure and metabolism
The cells of Pyrococcus are about 0.8–2 μm and are slightly irregular cocci in shape. They show a polar grouping of flagella and are enveloped by an S-layer enclosing a periplasmic space around the cytoplasmic membrane. Pyrococcus species are anaerobic but vary slightly concerning their metabolism. Peptide fermentation is the principle metabolic pathway however, growth has been observed for P. furiosus and P. abyssi on starch, maltose, and pyruvate but not for P. horikoshii. While the presence of elemental sulfur is not needed for growth, growth is enhanced with the addition of So.
Ecology
Pyrococcus species inhabit environments with extremely high temperatures such as undersea hot vents. Optimal growth conditions include a pH level of about 7, a salt concentration around 2.5%, and a temperature around 98 °C. Growing in temperatures this high, it is easy to see why they are anaerobic since at these boiling temperatures hardly any oxygen will be available. In the example of undersea hot vents, where P. abyssi has been found, there is no sunlight and the pressure is around 200 atm in addition to the extremely high temperature.
References
- ^ See the NCBI webpage on Pyrococcus. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
Further reading
Scientific journals
- Elshawadfy, Ashraf M.; Keith, Brian J.; Ooi, H'Ng Ee; Kinsman, Thomas; et al. (27 May 2014). "DNA polymerase hybrids derived from the family-B enzymes of Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus kodakarensis: improving performance in the polymerase chain reaction". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 224–. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00224.
- Fiala G; Stetter KO (1986). "Pyrococcus furiosus sp. nov. represents a novel genus of marine heterotrophic archaebacteria growing optimally at 100 °C". Arch. Microbiol. 145: 56–61. doi:10.1007/BF00413027.
- Zillig W; Holz I; Klenk HP; Trent J; et al. (1987). "Pyrococcus woesei, sp. nov., an ultra-thermophilic marine Archaebacterium, representing a novel order, Thermococcales". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 9: 62–70. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(87)80057-7.
Scientific books
Scientific databases
- PubMed references for Pyrococcus
- PubMed Central references for Pyrococcus
- Google Scholar references for Pyrococcus
External links
- NCBI taxonomy page for Pyrococcus
- Search Tree of Life taxonomy pages for Pyrococcus
- Search Species2000 page for Pyrococcus
- MicrobeWiki page for Pyrococcus
- LPSN page for Pyrococcus
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Probing bulky ligand entry in engineered archaeal ferritins.
- Calisti L1, Benni I1, Cardoso Trabuco M1, Baiocco P2, Ruzicka B3, Boffi A4, Falvo E5, Malatesta F1, Bonamore A6.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2017 Feb;1861(2):450-456. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.007. Epub 2016 Oct 15.
- BACKGROUND: A set of engineered ferritin mutants from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (Af-Ft) and Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf-Ft) bearing cysteine thiols in selected topological positions inside or outside the ferritin shell have been obtained. The two apo-proteins were taken as model systems for ferritin intern
- PMID 27755975
- A method of expression for an oxygen-tolerant group III alcohol dehydrogenase from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3.
- Sugimoto C1, Takeda K1, Kariya Y1, Matsumura H2, Yohda M1, Ohno H1, Nakamura N3.
- Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry.J Biol Inorg Chem.2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.1007/s00775-017-1439-2. [Epub ahead of print]
- NAD(P)-dependent group III alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), well known as iron-activated enzymes, generally lose their activities under aerobic conditions due to their oxygen-sensitivities. In this paper, we expressed an extremely thermostable group III ADH from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococc
- PMID 28084552
- High temperature and pressure influence the interdomain orientation of Nip7 proteins from P. abyssi and P. furiosus: MD simulations.
- Medvedev KE1,2, Kolchanov NA1,3, Afonnikov DA1,3.
- Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2017 Jan 4:1-15. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1268070. [Epub ahead of print]
- Interactions between protein domains and their position and movement relative to each other are essential for the stability and normal functioning of a protein molecule. Features of the movement of domains may define the mechanism of enzymatic reactions. Therefore, the description of this motion is
- PMID 27924686
Japanese Journal
- A novel carbohydrate-binding surface layer protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 82(8), 1327-1334, 2018-04-08
- NAID 120006523807
- An archaeal RNA binding protein, FAU-1, is a novel ribonuclease related to rRNA stability in Pyrococcus and Thermococcus
- First characterization of an archaeal amino acid racemase with broad substrate specificity from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3
Related Links
- 嫌気性超好熱古細菌 (Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 T (= NBRC 100139 T)) ゲノムサイズ 1,738,505塩基対（約1.74M bp） ORF（推定遺伝子領域) 2,061箇所 GC含量 41.9％ 発表論文 Complete Sequence and Gene Organization of the ...
- Pyrococcus furiosus DNA polymerase (Pfu DNA polymerase) 遺伝子を大腸菌で大量に発現させ、高度に精製した製品です。天然のPfu DNA polymeraseと同じく分子量90 kDaで耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼ活性および3’→5’ エキソヌクレアーゼ ...
- 超好熱性古細菌Pyrococcus furiosusの 特殊解糖系，Pyroglycolyss 33 図1． A：P.furiosusの 解糖系，pyroglycolysis 以下の酵素については略称を用いた。glucose：ferredoxin oxidoreductase（GluOR） ，glyceraldehyde ...
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