WordNet

a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)
English writer (1865-1948) (同)A. E. W. Mason, Alfred Edward Woodley Mason
American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792) (同)George Mason
English film actor (1909-1984) (同)James Mason, James Neville Mason
a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work (同)monastic
a craftsman who works with stone or brick (同)stonemason

PrepTutorEJDIC

ビールス,ろ過性病原体
『さる』(猿)(普通小さくて尾のあるサル) / 《話》猿に似た顔つきの人(動作をする人);(特に)いたずら小僧 / 《英俗》500ポンド,500ドル / (…を)いじる《+『around with』+『名』》
(一般に)修道僧,僧侶(そうりょ);(キリスト教の)修道士,道士
サル(猿)
=stonemason / 《M-》=Freemason

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 21:20:34」(JST)

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Simian retrovirus (SRV) is a retrovirus species that usually infect and cause a fatal immune deficiency in Asian macaques.^[1] This virus appears sporadically in captive macaques at breeding facilities which expected as the natural host, but prevalence of this virus in feral macaques remain unknown.^[2] SRV was transmitted naturally by virus-containing body fluids (saliva, urine, blood, etc.), via biting or scratching. Contaminated instrument or equipment (fomite) can also spread this virus among animals.

Some clinical and pathological symptoms of SRV-infected macaques are diarrhea, weight lost, splenomegaly, lymphadenopahty, anemia, nutropenia, neoplastic diseases (retroperitonial fibromatosis or rare B-cell lymphomas). To prevent the infection of this virus, two vaccinations have been developed. Those two effective vaccinations are formalin-inactivated whole SRV-1 vaccine and recombinant vaccine expressing SRV envelope glycoprotein gp70 and gp 22.^[1]

History

Until 2006, six types of SRVs have been identified. The original prototype of SRV is Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), which derived from breast tumor tissue of a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in 1970. This prototype virus now belongs to SRV serotype-3 group. SRV-1 serotype was identified in early 1980s in rhesus macaque, M. cyclopis, and M. fascicularis at National Primate Research Center (NPRC), California and New England. The SRV serotype-2 was found in endemic infections of pig-tailed monkey (M. nemestrina), cynomolgus macaques, Japanese macaque (M. fuscata), at Washington NPRC, and in rhesus and Celebes black macaques (M. nigra) at Oregon NPRC.^[3] SRV-3 is present at Wisconsin Primate Center, while SRV-4 and SRV-5 have been identified at University of California and Beijing Primate Center. In 2010, a Japanese research group reported two SRV isolates from seropositive cynomolgus macaques and tentatively designated them as SRV/D-Tsukuba (SRV/D-T).^[1]

In 2011, players of Foldit helped to decipher the crystal structure of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) retroviral protease, an AIDS-causing monkey virus. While the puzzle was available to play for a period of three weeks, players produced an accurate 3D model of the enzyme in just ten days. The problem of how to configure the structure of the enzyme had stumped scientists for 15 years.

Morphology and genetic structure

SRV is an enveloped RNA retrovirus with icosahedral capsid. The extracellular mature particles are about 125 nm in diameter, while the nucleoid and core shell are central cylindrical structures separated by a space of about 8-10 nm. This virus utilize a glycoprotein-lipid bilayer from host cell membrane to perform budding process in the end of its replication cycles.

The SRV genome contains four genes: 5'-gag-prt-pol-env-3'. Gag encodes group-specific antigen, Prt for protease, Pol responsible for RNA-dependent DNA polimerase (reverse-transcriptase) region, and Env encodes the envelope glycoprotein. Same with all restroviruses, SRV is able to transcribe its own RNA genome into double-stranded DNA by using reverse transcriptase enzyme(Mg+2 dependent for betaretroviruses).

References

^ ^a ^b ^c N.A. Montiel (March 17, 2010). "An updated review of simian betaretrovirus (SRV) in macaque hosts". J Med Primatol 39: 303–314. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00412.x.
^ Iskandriati D, Saepuloh U, Mariya S, Grant RF, Solihin DD , Sajuthi D, Pamungkas J (2010). "Isolation and Characterization of Simian Retrovirus Type D from Macaca fascicularis and M. nemestrina in Indonesia". Microbiology Indonesia 4 (3): 132–136. doi:10.5454/mi.4.3.6.
^ Jeannette Philipp-Staheli, Taya Marquardt, Margaret E Thouless, A Gregory Bruce, Richard F Grant, Che-Chung Tsai, Timothy M Rose (6 March 2006). "Genetic variability of the envelope gene of Type D simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) subtypes associated with SAIDS-related retroperitoneal fibromatosis in different macaque species". Virology Journal 3 (11): 1–15. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-3-11. PMC 1450265. PMID 16515713.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I alters the proviral load and biodistribution of simian retrovirus type 2 in co-infected macaques, supporting advancement of immunosuppressive pathology.

Mitchell JL, Hood S, Mee ET, Wigglesworth E, Sethi M, Auda G, Almond NM, Rose NJ.SourceDivisions of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, A Centre of the Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK. jane.mitchell@nibsc.hpa.org.uk
The Journal of general virology.J Gen Virol.2013 Mar;94(Pt 3):623-33. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.046078-0. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
The infection dynamics and pathology of a retrovirus may be altered by one or more additional viruses. To investigate this further, this study characterized proviral load, biodistribution and the immune response in Macaca fascicularis naturally infected with combinations of simian retrovirus type 2
PMID 23197576

Internet-based crowdsourcing and research ethics: the case for IRB review.

Graber MA, Graber A.SourceDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. mark-graber@uiowa.edu
Journal of medical ethics.J Med Ethics.2013 Feb;39(2):115-8. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2012-100798. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
The recent success of Foldit in determining the structure of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) retroviral protease is suggestive of the power-solving potential of internet-facilitated game-like crowdsourcing. This research model is highly novel, however, and thus, deserves careful consideration
PMID 23204319

Japanese Journal

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus Rev and human T-cell leukemia virus Rex function, but not Mason-Pfizer monkey virus constitutive transport element activity, by a mutant human nucleoporin targeted to Crm1

BOGERD H. P.
J Virol 72, 8627-8635, 1998
NAID 80010629892

The constitutive transport element (CTE) of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) accesses a cellular mRNA export pathway

PASQUINELLI A. E.
EMBO J. 16, 7500-7510, 1997
NAID 80010047534

A small element from the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus genome makes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression and replication Rev-independent

BRAY M.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 1256-1260, 1994
NAID 80007610602

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Mason-Pfizerサルウイルス」「マソン・ファイザー・サルウイルス」
関連記事	「monkey」「virus」

「Mason-Pfizerサルウイルス」

Simian retrovirus
Virus classification
Group:	Group VI (ssRNA-RT)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Retroviridae
Subfamily:	Orthoretrovirinae
Genus:	Betaretrovirus
Species:	Simian retrovirus