WordNet

very young; "at an early age"
before the usual time or the time expected; "she graduated early"; "the house was completed ahead of time" (同)ahead of time, too soon
in good time; "he awoke betimes that morning" (同)betimes
belonging to the distant past; "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations"; "in other times" (同)former, other
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time; "early morning"; "an early warning"; "early diagnosis"; "an early death"; "took early retirement"; "an early spring"; "early varieties of peas and tomatoes mature before most standard varieties"
being or occurring at an early stage of development; "in an early stage"; "early forms of life"; "early man"; "an early computer"
expected in the near future; "look for an early end to the negotiations"
of an early stage in the development of a language or literature; "the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C."; "Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700"
of the present time and place; "the immediate revisions"
performed with little or no delay; "an immediate reply to my letter"; "a prompt reply"; "was quick to respond"; "a straightaway denial" (同)prompt, quick, straightaway
having no intervening medium; "an immediate influence"
immediately before or after as in a chain of cause and effect; "the immediate result"; "the immediate cause of the trouble"
fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn (同)spike, capitulum
attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors" (同)cistron, factor
a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

PrepTutorEJDIC

(時間・時期が)『早い』,『初期の』 / 昔の / (普通より,予定より)早い / 近い将来の / (時間・時期的に)『早く』 / (予定・ふだんより)早く
『即座の』,即時の / 当座の,当面の / (時間・空間的に)すぐ近くの / 直接の,じかの(direct)
〈C〉『耳』 / 《単数形で》『聴覚』,聴力,音感 / 《単数形で》じっと聞くこと,傾聴 / 〈C〉耳の形をした物
(麦・とうもろこしなどの)穂
遺伝子
(英国の)伯爵

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 21:42:29」(JST)

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Immediate early genes (IEGs) are genes which are activated transiently and rapidly in response to a wide variety of cellular stimuli. They represent a standing response mechanism that is activated at the transcription level in the first round of response to stimuli, before any new proteins are synthesized. Thus IEGs are distinct from "late response" genes, which can only be activated later, following the synthesis of early response gene products. Thus IEGs have been called the "gateway to the genomic response". The term can describe viral regulatory proteins that are synthesized following viral infection of a host cell, or cellular proteins that are made immediately following stimulation of a resting cell by extracellular signals.

About 40 cellular IEGs have been identified so far. The earliest known and best characterized include c-fos, c-myc and c-jun, genes that were found to be homologous to retroviral oncogenes. Thus IEGs are well known as early regulators of cell growth and differentiation signals. However, other findings suggest roles for IEGs in many other cellular processes.

In their role as "gateways to genomic response", many IEG products are naturally transcription factors or other DNA-binding proteins. However, other important classes of IEG products include secreted proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and receptor subunits.

Some IEGs such as zif268 and Arc have been implicated in learning and memory and long-term potentiation.^[1]^[2]

External links

Activation of Immediate Early Genes by Drugs of Abuse a monograph published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse
Immediate-Early Genes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Immediate-Early Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

References

^ Davis S, Bozon B, Laroche S (2003). "How necessary is the activation of the immediate early gene zif268 in synaptic plasticity and learning?". Behav Brain Res 142 (1-2): 17–30. doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00421-7. PMID 12798262.
^ Plath N, Ohana O, Dammermann B, Errington ML, Schmitz D, Gross C, Mao X, Engelsberg A, Mahike C, Welzi H, Kobalz U, Stawrakakis A, Fernandez E, Walteriet R, Bick-Sander A, Therstappen E, Cooke SF, Blanquet V, Wurst W, Salmen B, Bosl MR, Lipp HP, Grant SGN, Bliss TVP, Wolfer DP, Kuhl D (2006). “Arc/Arg3.1 is essential for the consolidation of synaptic plasticity and memories.” Neuron. 52:437-444.

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English Journal

Chronic treatment with lithium or valproate modulates the expression of Homer1b/c and its related genes Shank and Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor.

de Bartolomeis A, Tomasetti C, Cicale M, Yuan PX, Manji HK.SourceLaboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapeutics, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.2012 Jul;22(7):527-35. Epub 2012 Jan 14.
Homer proteins are associated with both dopaminergic and glutamatergic function. In addition, these proteins are implicated in many signal transduction pathways that are also putative targets of the mood stabilizers lithium and valproate (VPA). This study investigated the effect of in vivo chronic a
PMID 22245542

Avian influenza rapidly induces antiviral genes in duck lung and intestine.

Vanderven HA, Petkau K, Ryan-Jean KE, Aldridge JR Jr, Webster RG, Magor KE.SourceDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2012 Jul;51(3-4):316-24. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
Ducks are the natural reservoir of influenza A and survive infection by most strains. To characterize the duck immune response to influenza, we sought to identify innate immune genes expressed early in an infection. We used suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) to construct 3 libraries enriche
PMID 22534314