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English Journal
- Decrease in cytosine methylation at CpG island shores and increase in DNA fragmentation during zebrafish aging.
- Shimoda N, Izawa T, Yoshizawa A, Yokoi H, Kikuchi Y, Hashimoto N.Author information Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 36-3 Gengo, Morioka, Ōbu, Aichi, 474-8522, Japan, shimoda@ncgg.go.jp.AbstractAge-related changes in DNA methylation have been demonstrated in mammals, but it remains unclear as to the generality of this phenomenon in vertebrates, which is a criterion for the fundamental cause of senescence. Here we showed that the zebrafish genome gradually and clearly lost methylcytosine in somatic cells, but not in male germ cells during aging, and that age-dependent hypomethylation preferentially occurred at a particular domain called the CpG island shore, which is associated with vertebrates' genes and has been shown to be hypomethylated in humans with age. We also found that two CpG island shores hypomethylated in zebrafish oocytes were de novo methylated in fertilized eggs, which suggests that the zebrafish epigenome is reset upon fertilization, enabling new generations to restart with a heavily methylated genome. Furthermore, we observed an increase in cleavage of the zebrafish genome to an oligonucleosome length in somatic cells from the age of 12 months, which is suggestive of an elevated rate of apoptosis in the senescent stage.
- Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands).Age (Dordr).2014 Feb;36(1):103-15. doi: 10.1007/s11357-013-9548-5. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
- Age-related changes in DNA methylation have been demonstrated in mammals, but it remains unclear as to the generality of this phenomenon in vertebrates, which is a criterion for the fundamental cause of senescence. Here we showed that the zebrafish genome gradually and clearly lost methylcytosine in
- PMID 23736955
- Dynamic CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein-Associated Changes of DNA Methylation in the Angiotensinogen Gene.
- Wang F, Demura M, Cheng Y, Zhu A, Karashima S, Yoneda T, Demura Y, Maeda Y, Namiki M, Ono K, Nakamura Y, Sasano H, Akagi T, Yamagishi M, Saijoh K, Takeda Y.Author information Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan. m-demura@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.AbstractDNA methylation patterns are maintained in adult somatic cells. Recent findings, however, suggest that all methylation patterns are not preserved. We demonstrate that stimulatory signals can change the DNA methylation status at a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP) binding site and a transcription start site and activate expression of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT). A CEBP binding site in the human AGT promoter was hypomethylated in tissues with high expression of AGT, but not in those with low expression. The transcriptional activity of AGT promoter sequences cloned into a reporter plasmid depended on DNA methylation. In cultured human cells, interleukin 6 stimulation caused DNA demethylation around a CEBP binding site and a transcription start site; demethylation was accompanied by increased CEBP-β recruitment and chromatin accessibility of the AGT promoter. DNA methylation activity decreased in the nucleus. Excess circulating aldosterone upregulated AGT expression and was accompanied by DNA hypomethylation around a CEBP binding site and a transcription start site in human visceral adipose tissue. High salt intake led to upregulation of Agt expression, DNA hypomethylation around 2 CEBP binding sites and a transcription start site, and decreased DNA methylation activity in rat visceral adipose tissue. Taken together, CEBP binding initiates chromatin relaxation and transcription, which are followed by DNA demethylation around a CEBP binding site and a transcription start site in the AGT promoter. Decreased DNA methylation activity in the nucleus may play a role in DNA demethylation. DNA demethylation switches the phenotype of AGT expression from an inactive to an active state.
- Hypertension.Hypertension.2014 Feb;63(2):281-8. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02303. Epub 2013 Nov 4.
- DNA methylation patterns are maintained in adult somatic cells. Recent findings, however, suggest that all methylation patterns are not preserved. We demonstrate that stimulatory signals can change the DNA methylation status at a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP) binding site and a transcription
- PMID 24191285
- Spontaneous reactivation of clusters of x-linked genes is associated with the plasticity of x-inactivation in mouse trophoblast stem cells.
- Dubois A, Deuve JL, Navarro P, Merzouk S, Pichard S, Commere PH, Louise A, Arnaud D, Avner P, Morey C.Author information Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France; Epigenetics of Stem Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France.AbstractRandom epigenetic silencing of the X-chromosome in somatic tissues of female mammals equalizes the dosage of X-linked genes between the sexes. Unlike this form of X-inactivation that is essentially irreversible, the imprinted inactivation of the paternal X, which characterizes mouse extra-embryonic tissues, appears highly unstable in the trophoblast giant cells of the placenta. Here, we wished to determine whether such instability is already present in placental progenitor cells prior to differentiation toward lineage-specific cell types. To this end, we analyzed the behavior of a GFP transgene on the paternal X both in vivo and in trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm of XX(GFP) blastocysts. Using single-cell studies, we show that not only the GFP transgene but also a large number of endogenous genes on the paternal X are subject to orchestrated cycles of reactivation/de novo inactivation in placental progenitor cells. This reversal of silencing is associated with local losses of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation extending over several adjacent genes and with the topological relocation of the hypomethylated loci outside of the nuclear compartment of the inactive X. The "reactivated" state is maintained through several cell divisions. Our study suggests that this type of "metastable epigenetic" states may underlie the plasticity of TS cells and predispose specific genes to relaxed regulation in specific subtypes of placental cells. Stem Cells 2014;32:377-390.
- Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio).Stem Cells.2014 Feb;32(2):377-90. doi: 10.1002/stem.1557.
- Random epigenetic silencing of the X-chromosome in somatic tissues of female mammals equalizes the dosage of X-linked genes between the sexes. Unlike this form of X-inactivation that is essentially irreversible, the imprinted inactivation of the paternal X, which characterizes mouse extra-embryonic
- PMID 24115267
Japanese Journal
- The Putative Promoters of Germ Cell-specific Genes and Nanog are Hypomethylated in Chicken Sperm
- KITO Gakushi,TANAKA Hiroaki,SOH Tomoki [他]
- The journal of reproduction and development 60(3), 224-229, 2014-06
- NAID 40020100731
- Epigenetic regulation of the tissue-specific expression of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A10
- Oda Shingo,Fukami Tatsuki,Yokoi Tsuyoshi,Nakajima Miki
- Biochemical Pharmacology 87(4), 660-667, 2014-02
- … Bisulfite sequence analysis revealed that the CpG-rich region (-264 to +117) around the UGT1A10 promoter was hypermethylated (89%) in hepatocytes, whereas the UGT1A10 promoter was hypomethylated (11%) in the epithelium of the small intestine. …
- NAID 120005368240
- Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression of rat liver in a 2-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model
- Omura Ko,Uehara Takeki,Morikawa Yuji,Hayashi Hitomi,Mitsumori Kunitoshi,Minami Keiichi,Kanki Masayuki,Yamada Hiroshi,Ono Atsushi,Urushidani Tetsuro
- The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 39(6), 837-848, 2014
- … MBD-seq and GeneChip analysis indicated that major histocompatibility complex class Ib gene RT1-CE5, which has an important role in antigen presentation, was hypomethylated around the promoter region and specifically induced in the livers of DEN-treated rats. …
- NAID 130004704490
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- hypomethylated Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary Jump to: navigation, search English [edit] Adjective [edit] hypomethylated (comparative more hypomethylated, superlative most hypomethylated) (biochemistry) Less than normally ...
- Definition of Hypomethylated with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information. ... ¹ Source: wiktionary.com Hypomethylated Pictures Click the following link to bring up a new window with ...
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