胚軸
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/08/10 20:05:12」(JST)
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Diagram of Scouler's willow (
Salix scouleriana) seed, indicating position of hypocotyl.
The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem",[1] meaning "below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root).
Contents
- 1 Dicots
- 2 Monocots
- 3 Storage organ
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Dicots
As the plant embryo grows at germination, it sends out a shoot called a radicle that becomes the primary root and penetrates down into the soil. After emergence of the radicle, the hypocotyl emerges and lifts the growing tip (usually including the seed coat) above the ground, bearing the embryonic leaves (called cotyledons) and the plumule that gives rise to the first true leaves. The hypocotyl is the primary organ of extension of the young plant and develops into the stem.
Monocots
The early development of a monocot seedling like cereals and other grasses is somewhat different. A structure called the coleoptile, essentially a part of the cotyledon, protects the young stem and plumule as growth pushes them up through the soil. A mesocotyl—that part of the young plant that lies between the seed (which remains buried) and the plumule—extends the shoot up to the soil surface, where secondary roots develop from just beneath the plumule. The primary root from the radicle may then fail to develop further. The mesocotyl is considered to be partly hypocotyl and partly cotyledon (see seed).
Not all monocots develop like the grasses. The onion develops in a manner similar to the first sequence described above, the seed coat and endosperm (stored food reserve) pulled upwards as the cotyledon extends. Later, the first true leaf grows from the node between the radicle and the sheath-like cotyledon, breaking through the cotyledon to grow past it.
Storage organ
In some plants, the hypocotyl becomes enlarged as a storage organ. Examples include cyclamen, gloxinia and celeriac. In cyclamen, this storage organ is called a tuber.
See also
- Epicotyl
- Monocotyledon
- Dicotyledon
References
- ^ "hypocotyl". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
English Journal
- Experimental evidence for diel δ(15) N-patterns in different tissues, xylem and phloem saps of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.).
- Peuke AD, Gessler A, Tcherkez G.SourceADP International Plant Science Consulting, Talstraße 8, 79194, Gundelfingen, Germany; Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V, Eberswalder Strasse. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
- Plant, cell & environment.Plant Cell Environ.2013 Dec;36(12):2219-28. doi: 10.1111/pce.12132. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
- Nitrogen isotope signatures in plants might give insights in the metabolism and allocation of nitrogen. To obtain a deeper understanding of the modifications of the nitrogen isotope signatures, we determined δ(15) N in transport saps and in different fractions of leaves, axes and roots during a die
- PMID 23663089
- Arabidopsis thaliana AHL family modulates hypocotyl growth redundantly by interacting with each other via the PPC/DUF296 domain.
- Zhao J, Favero DS, Peng H, Neff MM.SourceMolecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print]
- The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes 29 AT-HOOK MOTIF CONTAINING NUCLEAR LOCALIZED (AHL) genes, which evolved into two phylogenic clades. The AHL proteins contain one or two AT-hook motif(s) and one plant and prokaryote conserved (PPC)/domain of unknown function #296 (DUF296) domain. Seedlings la
- PMID 24218605
- Characterization of a dwarf mutant allele of Arabidopsis MDR-like ABC transporter AtPGP1 gene.
- Ye L, Liu L, Xing A, Kang D.SourceCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
- Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2013 Nov 5. pii: S0006-291X(13)01829-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.136. [Epub ahead of print]
- Asymmetric auxin distribution caused by polar auxin transport (PAT) regulates many plant developmental and physiological processes. Plant two closely ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter, AtPGP1 and AtPGP19 (AtMDR1), have been implicated in auxin transport. However, unlike atpgp19 mutant and atpgp
- PMID 24211579
Japanese Journal
- Microarray Analysis for the Screening of Genes Inducible by Light or Low Temperature in Post-veraison Grape Berries
- , , ,
- The Horticulture Journal advpub(0), 2015
- … Among these, we selected elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5), open stomata 1 (OST1), and enhanced response to ABA 1 (ERA1) as candidate light-inducible, low-temperature-inducible, and light- plus low-temperature-inducible genes, respectively. …
- NAID 130005064824
- Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max) Stem Vining in Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System
- , , , , ,
- Plant Production Science 18(1), 69-75, 2015
- … At the beginning of the bloom stage of soybean when maize was mature, the soybean stem morphology characteristics stem length, node number, hypocotyl length, internode length, stem diameter, stem breaking strength and stem biomass were measured. … The results revealed that the intercropped soybean could capture 13.8% photosynthetic active radiation at the vegetative stage, as compared with the sole crop soybean, with longer soybean main stem, internode and hypocotyl, and lower stem diameter at this stage. …
- NAID 130004850107
- 12. シロイヌナズナ芽生えの胚軸間接ぎ木における子葉の影響(口頭発表,植物化学調節学会第49回大会)
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- hy·po·cot·yl / ˌhaɪ pəˈkɒt l / Show Spelled [hahy-p uh-kot-l] Show IPA noun Botany. the part of a plant embryo directly below the cotyledons, forming a connection with the radicle. Origin: 1875–80; hypo-+ cotyl(edon) Related forms ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- embryonic axis
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