WordNet

sing with closed lips; "She hummed a melody"
a humming noise; "the hum of distant traffic" (同)humming
be noisy with activity; "This office is buzzing with activity" (同)buzz, seethe
sound with a monotonous hum (同)thrum
make a low continuous sound; "The refrigerator is humming"
relating to a person; "the experiment was conducted on 6 monkeys and 2 human subjects"
characteristic of humanity; "human nature"
having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings; "human beings"; "the human body"; "human kindness"; "human frailty"
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity (同)gonadotrophin, gonadotropic_hormone, gonadotrophic hormone
of or relating to the menopause

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈ハチ・機械などが〉『ブンブンいう』,ブーンと鳴る / 『鼻歌を歌う』,ハミングスル / (ちゅうちょ・当惑で)ふむふむいう / 《話》〈雰囲気・事業などが〉活気がある,活発に動く;(…で)活気づく《+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'『ハミングで歌う』,鼻歌を歌って…‘を'(ある状熊に)する / (ハチ・機械などの)『ブンブン』[『うなる音』];鼻歌 / (雑踏などの)ガヤガヤ]いう音],騒音 / ふ‐む,う‐ん(ちゅうちょ・当惑・黙考・疑惑・不快などの声)
(動物・神に対して)『人間の』,人の / 『人間らいし』,人間的な,人情味のある / 〈C〉《複数形》(動物に怠して)人間(human being) / 〈U〉《the human》人類

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/06 04:06:19」(JST)

wiki en

Menotropin (also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG) is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances. Frequently the plural is used as the medication is a mixture of gonadotropins. Menotropins are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women.^[1]

Description and usage

Urine of postmenopausal women reflects the hypergonadotropic state of menopause -levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are high - and contain a mixture of these gonadotropins.^[2]^[3]^[4] Other protein substances may be present, including small amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).^[1] In 1949 Piero Donini found a relatively simple method to extract gonadotropins from urine of postmenopausal women.^[4]^[5] Menotropins were successfully introduced into clinical use by Bruno Lunenfeld in 1961.^[4] While earlier menotropin medications contained FSH and LH at a 1:1 ratio, the recognition that it is FSH that is critical for follicle stimulation has led to development of newer preparations that contain a much higher FSH/LH ratio, Fertinex being an example.^[4]

Menotropin preparations are designed for use in selected women where they stimulate the ovaries to mature follicles, thus making them more fertile. They are administered by typically daily injection, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, for about ten days under close supervision to adjust dose and duration of therapy. They can also be used in hypogonadal men to stimulate sperm production.

Human urinary-derived menotropin preparations are exposed to the theoretical risk of infection from menopausal donors of urine. Nevertheless, the failure to irrefutably demonstrate infectivity following intracerebral inoculation with urine from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy(TSE)-infected hosts suggests that the risk associated with products derived from urine is merely theoretical.^[6]

Recombinant gonadotropins have to a large degree replaced hMG in fertility treatments. The recombinant process allows for the production of pure FSH or LH not "contaminated" by other proteins that may be present after urinary extraction. While some head-on studies seem not to suggest that "pure FSH" gives better results than hMG.,^[7] others claim that recombinant FSH is more efficient and reduces costs.^[8] A Cochrane Collaboration analysis did not reveal major differences in clinical outcomes when comparing urinary versus recombinant FSH.^[9]

The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine reported:^[10] “Compared with earlier crude animal extracts, modern highly purified urinary and recombinant gonadotropin products have clearly superior quality, specific activity, and performance. There are no confirmed differences in safety, purity, or clinical efficacy among the various available urinary or recombinant gonadotropin products.”

List of hMG preparations

A number of drug companies have and had marketed hMG preparations that include:^[11]

Humegon (Organon),
Menopur (Ferring Pharmaceuticals), 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH activity
Merional (IBSA Institut)
Menogon,
Metrodin (Serono),

highly purified urinary FSH

Repronex (Ferring Pharmaceuticals), 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH
Pergonal (Serono),

Pergonal was the major hMG prior to the arrival of recombinant gonadotropins containing 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH.

HMG Massone, 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH

References

^ ^a ^b Van De Weijer, B. H.; Mulders, J. W.; Bos, E. S.; Verhaert, P. D.; Van Den Hooven, H. W. (2003). "Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities". Reproductive biomedicine online 7 (5): 547–557. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)62071-8. PMID 14680547.
^ Menotropins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ TheFreeDictionary > Menotropin Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lunenfeld B. "Historical perspectives in gonadotropin therapy". Human reproductive Update 2004, 10 (6):453-467. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh044. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
^ Unknown. "Serono goes recombinant". Serono Laboratories, 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
^ Reichl H, Balen A, Jansen CA (October 2002). "Prion transmission in blood and urine: what are the implications for recombinant and urinary-derived gonadotrophins?". Hum. Reprod. 17 (10): 2501–8. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2501. PMID 12351519.
^ Bagratee, J. S.; Lockwood, G.; López Bernal, A.; Barlow, D. H.; Ledger, W. L. (1998). "Comparison of highly purified FSH (metrodin-high purity) with pergonal for IVF superovulation". Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 15 (2): 65–69. doi:10.1007/BF02766827. PMC 3455420. PMID 9513843.
^ Daya, S.; Ledger, W.; Auray, J. P.; Duru, G.; Silverberg, K.; Wikland, M.; Bouzayen, R.; Howles, C. M.; Beresniak, A. (2001). "Cost-effectiveness modelling of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH in assisted reproduction techniques in the UK". Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 16 (12): 2563–2569. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.12.2563. PMID 11726575.
^ Van Wely, M.; Kwan, I.; Burt, A. L.; Thomas, J.; Vail, A.; Van Der Veen, F.; Al-Inany, H. G. (2011). Van Wely, Madelon, ed. "Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles". The Cochrane Library (2): CD005354. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005354.pub2. PMID 21328276.
^ Practice Committee Of American Society For Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham (November 2008). "Gonadotropin preparations: past, present, and future perspectives". Fertil. Steril. 90 (5 Suppl): S13–20. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.031. PMID 19007609.
^ Fuller, Matthew A.; Martha Sajatovic (2003). Drug Information Handbook for Psychiatry (4 ed.). Lexi-Comp, Inc. p. 711. ISBN 1-59195-064-3.

External links

"Menotropins" on Yahoo health

UpToDate Contents

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1. 排卵誘発の概要 overview of ovulation induction
2. 続発性性腺機能低下を呈する男性における生殖能の誘導 induction of fertility in men with secondary hypogonadism
3. PCSK9 inhibitors: Pharmacology, adverse effects, and use
4. 卵巣過剰刺激症候群の予防 prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
5. 体外受精（IFV） in vitro fertilization

English Journal

The reproductive outcome of women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Yilmaz S1, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Yumusak O, Kahyaoglu S, Seckin B, Yilmaz N.
Systems biology in reproductive medicine.Syst Biol Reprod Med.2015 Jun 4:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive outcome and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and to compare the results with male factor (MF) infertility patients. The reproductive outcome of 33 HH patients was evaluated retro
PMID 26042899

Maternal use of fertility drugs and risk of cancer in children--a nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark.

Hargreave M1, Jensen A, Nielsen TS, Colov EP, Andersen KK, Pinborg A, Kjaer SK.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Apr 15;136(8):1931-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29235. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
Large population-based studies are needed to examine the effect of maternal use of fertility drugs on the risk of cancer in children, while taking into account the effect of the underlying infertility. A cohort of 123,322 children born in Denmark between 1964 and 2006 to 68,255 women who had been ev
PMID 25257918

Gonadotropin Therapy versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in Clomiphene Citrate-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

De Frène V1, Gerris J, Weyers S, Dhont M, Vansteelandt S, Annemans L, De Sutter P.
Gynecologic and obstetric investigation.Gynecol Obstet Invest.2015 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin therapy and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) are treatment options for ovulation induction (OI) in clomiphene citrate (CC)-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. The current evidence of the cost-effectiveness of both treatments is scarce, conflicting and per
PMID 25766251

Japanese Journal

A successful conception by a shift from human menopausal gonadotropin therapy to therapy with recombinant human follicular-stimulating hormone for the treatment of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

KOYAMA Kohei,MASUDA Hiroshi,INAMOTO Teruo,SEGAWA Naoki,AZUMA Haruhito,KATSUOKA Yoji
Reproductive medicine and biology 9(1), 57-60, 2010-03-01
NAID 10027050186

Effect of Vanadate on the Chromatin Configuration in Pig GV-oocytes

Bui Hong-Thuy,Hwang Kyu-Chan,Kim Jin-Hoi [他],VAN THUAN Nguyen,WAKAYAMA Teruhiko,MIYANO Takashi
The Journal of reproduction and development 55(4), 367-372, 2009-08-01
… In the presence of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), vanadate (0.5-5 mM) resulted in a dose-dependent change in oocyte chromatin in germinal vesicles from the condensed state to a decondensed filamentous or stringy configuration. …
NAID 10025194108

ヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモンを利用した簡易過剰排卵処理

加藤聡,宮崎美伯,金井福次 [他],深津徳人
群馬県畜産試験場研究報告 (15), 35-40, 2009-03
SOV簡易化のために、CIDRを施した黒毛和種牛に、ヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン（hMG）を用い、1日2回総量300IU投与してSOVを行った。1．採卵成績は、hMG区で回収卵数8.3±7.2個、正常胚数4.8±4.0個、ABランク胚数4.4±4.1個となり、FSH区の回収卵数12.2±10.5個、正常胚数5.9±8.1個、ABランク胚数5.7±8.1個と比べ有意差は見られなかった。2．hMGを用い …
NAID 120005065729

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン」
拡張検索	「human menopausal gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin test」「human menopausal gonadotropin pulsatile administration」「human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation test」「human menopausal gonadotropin preparation」
関連記事	「human」「menopausal」「gonadotropin」

「ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン」

Menotropin
Clinical data
Trade names	Repronex
MedlinePlus	a601002
Identifiers
CAS Number	61489-71-2
ATC code	G03GA02
UNII	5Y9QQM372Q
(what is this?) (verify)

　　[★]

英: human menopausal gonadotropin hMG, human menopausal gonadotrophin
同: 閉経婦人尿性腺刺激ホルモン、ヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン、ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン、ヒト閉経期尿性ゴナドトロピン、メノトロピン
関: 下垂体性性腺刺激ホルモン

[show details]

ヒト閉経後ゴナドトロピン : 24 件
ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン : 38 件
ヒト閉経期尿ゴナドトロピン : 1 件
ヒト閉経期尿性ゴナドトロピン : 約 36 件
ヒト閉経婦人尿性ゴナドトロピン : nothing

ヒト閉経後性腺刺激ホルモン : 2 件
ヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン : 51 件
ヒト閉経期尿性腺刺激ホルモン : nothing
ヒト閉経期尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 13 件
ヒト閉経婦人尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 1 件

閉経後ゴナドトロピン : 35 件
閉経期ゴナドトロピン : 43 件
閉経期尿ゴナドトロピン : 1 件
閉経期尿性ゴナドトロピン : 約 34 件
閉経婦人尿性ゴナドトロピン : nothing

閉経後性腺刺激ホルモン : 4 件
閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン : 61 件
閉経期尿性腺刺激ホルモン : 8 件
閉経期尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 13 件
閉経婦人尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 3 件

閉経後の尿中に見られるホルモン

「human menopausal gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin test」

　　[★] ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン-ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピン試験

「human menopausal gonadotropin pulsatile administration」

　　[★] ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン律動的投与法

「human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation test」

　　[★] ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン負荷試験

「human menopausal gonadotropin preparation」

　　[★] ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン製剤

「human」

　　[★]

n.

ヒト

adj.

ヒトの、ヒト型の

関: ape、hominid、Hominidae、homo、Homo sapiens、human being、human race、human-type、man、Pongidae

「menopausal」

　　[★]

adj.

閉経期の

関: menopause

「gonadotropin」

　　[★] 性腺刺激ホルモン　

[Weijer2003-1] Van De Weijer, B. H.; Mulders, J. W.; Bos, E. S.; Verhaert, P. D.; Van Den Hooven, H. W. (2003). "Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities". Reproductive biomedicine online 7 (5): 547–557. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)62071-8. PMID 14680547.

[mesh-2] Menotropins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[3] TheFreeDictionary > Menotropin Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007

[lunenfeld-4] Lunenfeld B. "Historical perspectives in gonadotropin therapy". Human reproductive Update 2004, 10 (6):453-467. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh044. Retrieved 2013-11-25.

[serono-5] Unknown. "Serono goes recombinant". Serono Laboratories, 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-24.

[6] Reichl H, Balen A, Jansen CA (October 2002). "Prion transmission in blood and urine: what are the implications for recombinant and urinary-derived gonadotrophins?". Hum. Reprod. 17 (10): 2501–8. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2501. PMID 12351519.

[7] Bagratee, J. S.; Lockwood, G.; López Bernal, A.; Barlow, D. H.; Ledger, W. L. (1998). "Comparison of highly purified FSH (metrodin-high purity) with pergonal for IVF superovulation". Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 15 (2): 65–69. doi:10.1007/BF02766827. PMC 3455420. PMID 9513843.

[8] Daya, S.; Ledger, W.; Auray, J. P.; Duru, G.; Silverberg, K.; Wikland, M.; Bouzayen, R.; Howles, C. M.; Beresniak, A. (2001). "Cost-effectiveness modelling of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH in assisted reproduction techniques in the UK". Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 16 (12): 2563–2569. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.12.2563. PMID 11726575.

[9] Van Wely, M.; Kwan, I.; Burt, A. L.; Thomas, J.; Vail, A.; Van Der Veen, F.; Al-Inany, H. G. (2011). Van Wely, Madelon, ed. "Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles". The Cochrane Library (2): CD005354. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005354.pub2. PMID 21328276.

[10] Practice Committee Of American Society For Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham (November 2008). "Gonadotropin preparations: past, present, and future perspectives". Fertil. Steril. 90 (5 Suppl): S13–20. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.031. PMID 19007609.

[11] Fuller, Matthew A.; Martha Sajatovic (2003). Drug Information Handbook for Psychiatry (4 ed.). Lexi-Comp, Inc. p. 711. ISBN 1-59195-064-3.

匿名

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案内

案内

human menopausal gonadotropin