関: homeotic

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/22 15:31:23」(JST)

wiki en

Homeosis is the transformation of one organ into another, arising from mutation in or misexpression of specific developmentally critical genes. It may be caused by mutations in Hox genes, found in animals, or others such as the MADS-box family in plants. Homeosis is a characteristic that has helped insects become as successful and diverse as they are.^[1]

Homeotic mutations work by changing segment identity during development. For example, the Ultrabithorax genotype gives a phenotype wherein metathoracic and first abdominal segments become mesothoracic segments.^[2] Another well-known example is Antennapedia: a gain-of-function allele causes legs to develop in the place of antennae.^[3]

In botany, Rolf Sattler has revised the concept of homeosis (replacement) by his emphasis of partial homeosis in addition to complete homeosis, which is commonly accepted.^[4]

Homeotic mutants in angiosperms are thought to be rare in the wild: in the annual plant Clarkia, (Onagraceae), homeotic mutants are known where the petals are replaced by a second whorl of sepal like organs, originating via a mutation governed by a single recessive gene.^[5] The absence of lethal or deleterious consequences in floral mutants resulting in distinct morphological expressions has been a factor in the evolution of Clarkia, and perhaps also in many other plant groups.^[6]

References[edit]

^ Lodish et al., 2003. Molecular Cell Biology, 5th Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.^{[page needed]}
^ Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane; Wieschaus, Eric (1980). "Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila". Nature 287 (5785): 795–801. doi:10.1038/287795a0. PMID 6776413.
^ Schneuwly, Stephan; Klemenz, Roman; Gehring, Walter J. (1987). "Redesigning the body plan of Drosophilaby ectopic expression of the homoeotic gene Antennapedia". Nature 325 (6107): 816–818. doi:10.1038/325816a0. PMID 3821869.
^ Sattler, R. (1988). "Homeosis in Plants". American Journal of Botany 75 (10): 1606–1617. doi:10.2307/2444710. JSTOR 2444710.
^ Ford, V. S.; Gottlieb, L. D. (1992). "Bicalyx is a natural homeotic floral variant". Nature 358 (6388): 671–673. doi:10.1038/358671a0.
^ Gottlieb, L. D. (1984). "Genetics and Morphological Evolution in Plants". The American Naturalist 123 (5): 681–709. doi:10.1086/284231. JSTOR 2461245.

This evolution-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

A functional genetic analysis in flour beetles (Tenebrionidae) reveals an antennal identity specification mechanism active during metamorphosis in Holometabola.

Smith FW1, Angelini DR2, Jockusch EL3.
Mechanisms of development.Mech Dev.2014 May;132:13-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
The antenna was the first arthropod ventral appendage to evolve non-leg identity. Models of antennal evolution have been based on comparisons of antennal and leg identity specification mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster, a species in which appendages develop from highly derived imaginal discs dur
PMID 24534744

Role of mef2ca in developmental buffering of the zebrafish larval hyoid dermal skeleton.

DeLaurier A1, Huycke TR1, Nichols JT1, Swartz ME1, Larsen A1, Walker C1, Dowd J1, Pan L2, Moens CB2, Kimmel CB3.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2014 Jan 15;385(2):189-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
Phenotypic robustness requires a process of developmental buffering that is largely not understood, but which can be disrupted by mutations. Here we show that in mef2ca(b1086) loss of function mutant embryos and early larvae, development of craniofacial hyoid bones, the opercle (Op) and branchiosteg
PMID 24269905

My favourite flowering image.

Bowman JL.
Journal of experimental botany.J Exp Bot.2013 Dec;64(18):5779-82. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq044. Epub 2010 Mar 15.
When Nick Battey asked me to write an essay on my favourite flowering image, I rummaged through my mind and some old photographs, and while there are several aesthetically striking images (after all, the photographs are of flowers) three candidates stood out. In each of the cases, it was the first p
PMID 20231329

Japanese Journal

前翅に尾状突起を有するクロマダラソテツシジミを採集

やどりが (224), 38, 2010-03-31
NAID 110007609847

orf260^<cra>, a Novel Mitochondrial Gene, is Associated with the Homeotic Transformation of Stamens into Pistil-Like Structures (Pistillody) in Alloplasmic Wheat