| Hibernoma |
| Classification and external resources |
Micrograph of a hibernoma. H&E stain.
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| ICD-10 |
D17 (ILDS D17.950) |
| ICD-O: |
8880/0 |
A hibernoma is a benign neoplasm of vestigial brown fat, a term originally used by Gery in 1914.
Contents
- 1 Classification
- 2 Signs and symptoms
- 3 Imaging findings
- 4 Pathology findings
- 5 Additional images
- 5.1 Histochemistry
- 5.2 Immunohistochemistry
- 5.3 Cytogenetics
- 5.4 Cytology
- 6 Differential diagnoses
- 7 Management
- 8 Epidemiology
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
Classification[edit source | edit]
This lesion has been called a fetal lipoma, lipoma of embryonic fat or a lipoma of immature fat.[1]
Signs and symptoms[edit source | edit]
Patients present with a slow-growing, painless, solitary mass, usually of the subcutaneous tissues. It is much less frequently noted in the intramuscular tissue. It is not uncommon for symptoms to be present for years. [1] [2]
Imaging findings[edit source | edit]
In general, imaging studies show a well-defined, heterogeneous mass, usually showing a mass which is hypointense to subcutaeous fat on magnetic resonance T1-weight images. Serpentine, thin, low signal bands (septations or vessels) are often seen throughout the tumor.
Pathology findings[edit source | edit]
From a macroscopic perspective, there is a well-defined, encapsulated or circumscribed mass, showing a soft, yellow tan to deep brown mass. The size ranges from 1 to 27 cm, although the mean is about 10 cm. [1]
A high power hematoxylin and eosin stained photograph of a hibernoma.
The tumors histologically resemble brown fat. There are four histologic types recognized, but one is the most frequently seen (typical). There is a background of rich vascularity.
- Lobular type: Variable degrees of differentiation of uniform, round to oval cells with granular eosinophilic cells with prominent borders, alternating with coarsely multivacuolated fat cells (pale cells). There are usually small centrally placed nuclei without pleomorphism. The cells have large cytoplasmic lipid droplets interspersed throughout. [1] [2]
- Myxoid variant: Loose, basophilic matrix, with thick fibrous septa, and foamy histiocytes
- Lipoma-like variant: Univacuolated lipocytes, with only isolated hibernoma cells
- Spindle cell variant: Spindle cell lipoma combined with hibernoma
Additional images[edit source | edit]
-
Hibernoma (intermediate magnification).
Histochemistry[edit source | edit]
Oil red O-positive droplets of cytoplasmic lipid can be seen in most cases.
Immunohistochemistry[edit source | edit]
The neoplastic cells are S100 protein positive (approximately 80%), and show membrane and vacuole CD31 immunoreactivity. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a unique brown fat mitochondrial protein, is also positive.
Cytogenetics[edit source | edit]
There are structural rearrangements of 11q13-21, which are considered most characteristic. This alteration can be deteced by metaphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Interestingly, MEN1 gene (11q13.1) is most frequently deleted, while GARP gene (11q13.5) may also be involved.
Cytology[edit source | edit]
The fine needle aspiration smears show small, round, brown fat-like cells, with uniform, small cytoplasmic vacuoles and regular, small, round nuclei. There is usually a rich vascular background of branching capillaries. It is not uncommon to also have mature fat cells.
Differential diagnoses[edit source | edit]
It is important to separate hiberoma from adult rhabdomyoma, a granular cell tumor and a true liposarcoma.
Management[edit source | edit]
Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, associated with an excellent long term clinical outcome.
Epidemiology[edit source | edit]
The tumor is rare, affecting adults in the 4th decade most commonly. Patients are usually younger than those who present with a lipoma. There is a slight male predominance. Hibernoma are most commonly identified in the head and neck region (shoulders, neck, scapular), followed by thigh, back, chest, abdomen, and arms.
See also[edit source | edit]
- Lipoma
- Skin lesion
- List of cutaneous conditions
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ a b c d Furlong, M. A.; Fanburg-Smith, J. C.; Miettinen, M. (2001). "The morphologic spectrum of hibernoma: A clinicopathologic study of 170 cases". The American journal of surgical pathology 25 (6): 809–814. PMID 11395560. edit
- ^ a b Paul, M. A.; Koomen, A. R.; Blok, P. (1989). "Hibernoma, a brown fat tumour". The Netherlands journal of surgery 41 (4): 85–87. PMID 2674772. edit
Further reading[edit source | edit]
Lester D. R. Thompson, Bruce M Wenig (2011). Diagnostic Pathology: Head and Neck: Published by Amirsys. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 8:42–43. ISBN 1-931884-61-7.
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Connective/soft tissue tumors and sarcomas (ICD-O 8800–9059) (C45–C49/D17–D21, 171/214–215)
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| Not otherwise specified (8800–8809) |
Soft tissue sarcoma · Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
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| Connective tissue neoplasm |
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Fibromatous (8810–8839)
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Fibroma/fibrosarcoma: Dermatofibrosarcoma · Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans · Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibroma/fibromatosis: Aggressive infantile fibromatosis · Aponeurotic fibroma · Collagenous fibroma · Diffuse infantile fibromatosis · Familial myxovascular fibromas · Fibroma of tendon sheath · Fibromatosis colli · Infantile digital fibromatosis · Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis · Plantar fibromatosis · Pleomorphic fibroma · Oral submucous fibrosis
Histiocytoma/histiocytic sarcoma: Benign fibrous histiocytoma · Malignant fibrous histiocytoma · Atypical fibroxanthoma
Solitary fibrous tumor
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Myxomatous (8840–8849)
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Myxoma/myxosarcoma (Cutaneous myxoma, Superficial acral fibromyxoma) · Angiomyxoma · Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour
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Fibroepithelial (9000–9039)
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Brenner tumour · Fibroadenoma · Phyllodes tumor
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Synovial-like (9040–9049)
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Synovial sarcoma · Clear-cell sarcoma
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| Lipomatous (8850–8889) |
Lipoma/liposarcoma (Myelolipoma, Myxoid liposarcoma) · PEComa (Angiomyolipoma)
Chondroid lipoma · Intradermal spindle cell lipoma · Pleomorphic lipoma · Benign lipoblastomatosis · Spindle cell lipoma · Hibernoma
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| Myomatous (8890–8929) |
general: Myoma/myosarcoma
smooth muscle: Leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma
skeletal muscle: Rhabdomyoma/rhabdomyosarcoma: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (Sarcoma botryoides) · Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Leiomyoma · Angioleiomyoma · Angiolipoleiomyoma · Genital leiomyoma · Leiomyosarcoma · Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome · Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma · Neural fibrolipoma · Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma · STUMP
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| Complex mixed and stromal (8930–8999) |
Adenomyoma · Pleomorphic adenoma · Mixed Müllerian tumor · Mesoblastic nephroma · Wilms' tumor · Rhabdoid tumour · Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney · Hepatoblastoma · Pancreatoblastoma · Carcinosarcoma
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| Mesothelial (9050–9059) |
Mesothelioma · Adenomatoid tumor
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see also Template:Connective tissue
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anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist
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noco (m, s, c)/cong (d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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